- 関
- Loiasis
WordNet
- transfer from a storage device to a computers memory
- a quantity that can be processed or transported at one time; "the system broke down under excessive loads" (同)loading
- an amount of alcohol sufficient to intoxicate; "he got a load on and started a brawl"
- the power output of a generator or power plant
- weight to be borne or conveyed (同)loading, burden
- electrical device to which electrical power is delivered
- corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones; "adulterate liquor" (同)adulterate, stretch, dilute, debase
- provide (a device) with something necessary; "He loaded his gun carefully"; "load the camera" (同)charge
- fill or place a load on; "load a car"; "load the truck with hay" (同)lade, laden, load up
- put (something) on a structure or conveyance; "load the bags onto the trucks"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 荷,積み荷,(バス・旅客機などの)乗客数 / 《しばしば複合語を作って》1台(1そう)分(の…)《+『of』+『名』》 / (精神上の)『重荷』,心配 / (個人または機械に割り当てられた)仕事量 / (鉄砲の1回の)装てん(charge) / 《複数形で》《俗》たくさん,多数(の…)《+『of』+『名』》 / (荷・乗客などを)〈車・船など〉‘に'『積む』,載せる《+『名』〈車など〉+『with』+『名』》 / (車・船などに)〈荷など〉‘を'『積む』,載せる《+『名』〈荷〉+『into』(『in,on,onto』)+『名』》 / 〈質問・結果など〉‘を'ねじ曲げる / (フイルム・弾丸などを)〈カメラ・銃など〉‘に'装てんする,入れる《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (カメラ・銃などに)〈フイルム・弾丸など〉‘を'装てんする,入れる,込める《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / 荷を積む / 弾を込める
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Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/11/22 19:02:48」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Loa loa |
|
Loa loa microfilaria in thin blood smear
(Giemsa stain) |
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Animalia |
Phylum: |
Nematoda |
Class: |
Chromadorea |
Order: |
Spirurida |
Superfamily: |
Filarioidea |
Family: |
Onchocercidae |
Genus: |
Loa |
Species: |
L. loa |
Binomial name |
Loa loa
(Cobbold, 1864)[verification needed] |
Synonyms |
Filaria loa Cobbold, 1864
|
Loa loa is the filarial nematode (roundworm) species that causes Loa loa filariasis. It is commonly known as the "eye worm". Its geographic distribution includes Africa and India.[1]
L. loa is one of three parasitic filarial nematodes that cause subcutaneous filariasis in humans. The two other filarial nematodes are Mansonella streptocerca and Onchocerca volvulus (causes river blindness).
Maturing larvae and adults of the "eye worm" occupy the subcutaneous layer of the skin – the fat layer – of humans, causing disease. The young larvae develop in horseflies of the genus Chrysops (deer flies, yellow flies), including the species C. dimidiata and C. silacea, which infect humans by biting them.
Contents
- 1 Biology
- 1.1 Morphology
- 1.2 Life cycle
- 2 Disease
- 2.1 Pathogenesis
- 2.2 Diagnosis and treatment
- 3 References
Biology
Morphology
Loa loa worms have a simple body including a head, body, and tail. Males range from 20mm to 34mm long and 350μm to 430μm wide. Females range from 20mm to 70mm long and are about 425μm wide.[1]
Life cycle
Three species involved in the life cycle include the parasite Loa loa, the fly vector, and the human host:[2]
- A vector fly bites an infected human host and ingests microfilariae.
- Microfilariae move to the fat body of the insect host.
- Microfilariae develop into first stage larvae, second stage, then third stage larvae.
- Third stage larvae (infective) travel to the proboscis of fly.
- An infected vector fly bites an uninfected human host and the third stage larvae penetrates the skin and enters human subcutaneous tissue.
- Larvae mature into adults, who produce microfilariae that have been found in spinal fluid, urine, peripheral blood, and lungs.
Disease
Pathogenesis
Loa loa parasites infect human hosts by travelling from the entry site through subcutaneous tissues and causing inflammation in the skin wherever they travel. If a parasite stops in one place for a short period of time, the human host will suffer from local inflammation known as Calabar swellings. These often occur in the wrist and ankle joints but disappear as soon as the parasite begins to move again. Parasites can also travel through and infect the eye, causing the swelling of the eye. Common symptoms include itching, joint pain, fatigue, and death.[1]
Diagnosis and treatment
The main methods of diagnosis include the presence of microfilariae in the blood, the presence of a worm in the eye, and the presence of skin swellings. Surgical removal of the worm can easily be performed. The common treatment for the disease is a use of one of two drugs: diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or Ivermectin.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d Schmidt, Gerald et al. "Foundations of Parasitology". 7th ed. McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 2005.
- ^ "Filariasis". Parasites and Health. Center for Disease Control.
- Taxonomy Browser: Loa Loa. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Infectious diseases · Parasitic disease: helminthiases (B65–B83, 120–129)
|
|
Flatworm/
platyhelminth |
Fluke/trematode
(Trematode infection)
|
Blood fluke
|
Schistosoma mansoni/japonicum/mekongi/haematobium (Schistosomiasis) · Trichobilharzia regenti (Swimmer's itch)
|
|
Liver fluke
|
Clonorchis sinensis (Clonorchiasis) · Dicrocoelium dendriticum/Dicrocoelium hospes (Dicrocoeliasis) · Fasciola hepatica/gigantica (Fascioliasis) · Opisthorchis viverrini/Opisthorchis felineus (Opisthorchiasis)
|
|
Lung fluke
|
Paragonimus westermani (Paragonimiasis)
|
|
Intestinal fluke
|
Fasciolopsis buski (Fasciolopsiasis) · Metagonimus yokagawai (Metagonimiasis) · Heterophyes heterophyes (Heterophyiasis)
|
|
|
Cestoda
(Tapeworm infection)
|
Cyclophyllidea
|
Echinococcus granulosus/Echinococcus multilocularis (Echinococcosis) · Taenia saginata (beef)/Taenia asiatica/Taenia solium (pork) (Taeniasis/Cysticercosis) · Hymenolepis nana/Hymenolepis diminuta (Hymenolepiasis)
|
|
Pseudophyllidea
|
Diphyllobothrium latum (Diphyllobothriasis) · Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Sparganosis) · Diphyllobothrium mansonoides (Sparganosis)
|
|
|
|
Roundworm/
nematode
(Nematode
infection) |
Secernentea
|
Spirurida
|
Camallanina
|
Dracunculus medinensis (Dracunculiasis)
|
|
Spirurina
|
Filarioidea
(Filariasis)
|
Onchocerca volvulus (Onchocerciasis) · Loa loa (Loa loa filariasis) · Mansonella (Mansonelliasis) · Dirofilaria repens (Dirofilariasis)
Wuchereria bancrofti · Brugia malayi · Brugia timori
|
|
Thelazioidea
|
Gnathostoma spinigerum/Gnathostoma hispidum (Gnathostomiasis) · Thelazia (Thelaziasis)
|
|
Spiruroidea
|
Gongylonema
|
|
|
|
Strongylida
(hookworm)
|
Ancylostoma duodenale/Ancylostoma braziliense (Ancylostomiasis, Cutaneous larva migrans) · Necator americanus (Necatoriasis) · Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Angiostrongyliasis) · Metastrongylus (Metastrongylosis)
|
|
Ascaridida
|
Ascaris lumbricoides (Ascariasis) · Anisakis (Anisakiasis) · Toxocara canis/Toxocara cati (Visceral larva migrans/Toxocariasis) · Baylisascaris · Dioctophyme renale (Dioctophymosis)
|
|
Rhabditida
|
Strongyloides stercoralis (Strongyloidiasis) · Trichostrongylus spp. (Trichostrongyliasis)
|
|
Oxyurida
|
Enterobius vermicularis (Enterobiasis · Pinworm)
|
|
|
Adenophorea
|
Trichinella spiralis (Trichinosis) · Trichuris trichiura (Trichuriasis · Whipworm) · Capillaria philippinensis (Intestinal capillariasis) · Capillaria hepatica
|
|
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Defining the Intra-subject Variability of Whole-lung CT Densitometry in Two Lung Cancer Screening Trials.
- Diciotti S, Sverzellati N, Kauczor HU, Lombardo S, Falchini M, Favilli G, Macconi L, Kuhnigk JM, Marchiano A, Pastorino U, Zompatori M, Mascalchi M.SourceComputational Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Radiodiagnostic Section, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- Academic radiology.Acad Radiol.2011 Nov;18(11):1403-11.
- RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To define a statistically based variation of individual whole-lung densitometry above which a real increase of pulmonary extent can be suspected in lung cancer screening trials.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Baseline and 3-month follow-up low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) examina
- PMID 21971258
- Abdominal palpation to determine fetal position at labor onset: a test accuracy study.
- Webb SS, Plana MN, Zamora J, Ahmad A, Earley B, Macarthur C, Khan KS.SourceBirmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK Women's Health and Clinical Epidemiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Turner Street, London, UK.
- Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.2011 Nov;90(11):1259-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01226.x. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
- Objective. To examine the accuracy of abdominal palpation for identifying left-occipito-anterior (LOA) fetal position using abdominal ultrasound as the reference standard. Design: Classical test accuracy study undertaken in 2005-2007. Setting: Birmingham Women's Foundation NHS Trust serving a large,
- PMID 21699499
Japanese Journal
- リンクするデータ(Linked Data)-広がり始めたデータのクラウド- : 1.Linked Dataの仕組み Linked Data-The Story So Far
- Christian Bizer,Tom Heath,TimBerners-Lee ,翻訳:萩野達也
- 情報処理 52(3), 284-292, 2011-03-15
- … 後メディア業界で担っていくであろう役割を考える.具体的事例として,BBCとThe New York Times が取り組んでいる施策を紹介し,考察する.また,広くメディアの歴史を概観する中で,LODの立ち位置を考える.その過程では,データとしてのコンテンツよりも,それらを「つなぐ」ことに価値があるという世界が明らかになるだろう.筆者らは,データのみならず,アプリケーション,さらに,サービスを「つなぐ」,LOAおよびLOSを提唱したい. …
- NAID 110008508237
Related Links
- Loa loa filariasis (also known as loiasis, loaiasis, Calabar swellings, Fugitive swelling, Tropical swelling :439 and African eyeworm) is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm, loa loa. Humans contract this disease through the ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- charge、charging、electric charge
[★]
ロア糸状虫、ロア糸状虫属
- 関
- Loa loa