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laparotomy performed with a laparoscope that makes a small incision to examine the abdominal cavity (especially the ovaries and Fallopian tubes)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/18 21:45:39」(JST)

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Laparoscopy (from Ancient Greek λαπάρα (lapara), meaning "flank, side", and σκοπέω (skopeó), meaning "to see") is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera. It can either be used to inspect and diagnose a condition or to perform surgery.

Types[edit]

There are two types of laparoscope: (1) a telescopic rod lens system, that is usually connected to a video camera (single chip or three chip), or (2) a digital laparoscope where a miniature digital video camera is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system.

Surgery[edit]

Main article: Laparoscopic surgery

The laparoscope allows doctors to perform both minor and complex surgeries with a few small cuts in the abdomen.^[1]

There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an open procedure. These include reduced pain due to smaller incisions and hemorrhaging, and shorter recovery time.

§§==Gynecological diagnosis==

Further information: Fertiloscope

In gynecology, diagnostic laparoscopy may be used to inspect the outside of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes, for example in the diagnosis of female infertility. Usually, there is one incision near the navel and a second near to the pubic hairline.^[1]

For gynecological diagnosis a special type of laparoscope can be used, called a fertiloscope. A fertiloscope is modified to make it suitable for trans-vaginal application.

A dye test may be performed to detect any blockage in the reproductive tract, wherein a dark blue dye is passed up through the cervix and is followed with the laparoscope through its passage out into the fallopian tubes to the ovaries.^[1]

Pediatric laparoscopy[edit]

Although laparoscopy in adult age group is widely accepted, its advantages in pediatric age group is questionable. The efficacy of laparoscopy is inferior to open surgery in situations such as pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Although laparoscopic appendectomy results in less wounds than open surgery, the former is also associated with more intra-abdominal abscesses.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c MedlinePlus > Laparoscopy Update Date: 8/21/2009. Updated by: James Lee, MD

UpToDate Contents

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1. 婦人科腹腔鏡下手術の概要および非経臍帯的進入 overview of gynecologic laparoscopic surgery and non umbilical entry sites
2. 腹腔鏡下手術に用いる腹部アクセス法 abdominal access techniques used in laparoscopic surgery
3. 腹腔鏡下手術の合併症 complications of laparoscopic surgery
4. 腹腔鏡下手術において使用する器具およびデバイス instruments and devices used in laparoscopic surgery
5. 小児および思春期における腹腔鏡検査の概要 overview of laparoscopy in children and adolescents

English Journal

The use of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of blunt and penetrating abdominal injuries: 10-year experience at a level 1 trauma center.

Johnson JJ, Garwe T, Raines AR, Thurman JB, Carter S, Bender JS, Albrecht RM.SourceDepartment of Surgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, 920 Stanton L. Young Blvd, WP 2140, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: Jeremy-j-johnson@ouhsc.edu.
American journal of surgery.Am J Surg.2013 Mar;205(3):317-21. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.10.021. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
BACKGROUND: Diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) has decreased the rate of nontherapeutic laparotomy for patients suffering from penetrating injuries. We evaluated whether DL similarly lowers the rate of nontherapeutic laparotomy for patients with blunt injuries.METHODS: All patients undergoing DL over a 10-
PMID 23375706

Randomized prospective study to compare laparoscopic appendectomy versus umbilical single-incision appendectomy.

Frutos MD, Abrisqueta J, Lujan J, Abellan I, Parrilla P.SourceFrom the Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestivo, Hospital Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca," CIBERehd, Murcia, Spain.
Annals of surgery.Ann Surg.2013 Mar;257(3):413-8. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e318278d225.
INTRODUCTION: : The use of single-incision laparoscopic surgery may represent an improvement over conventional laparoscopic surgery. In recent years, more and more articles have been published demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. Hence, for this reason, we present this randomized prospect
PMID 23386239

Spontaneous viable birth in a case of stage III pelvic endometriosis with bilateral tubal damage following diagnostic intervention: who deserves the credit?

Shekhar S, Sharma C, Singh K.SourceDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr RPGMC Tanda, Kangra, 176001, HP, India, longshanks28@gmail.com.
Archives of gynecology and obstetrics.Arch Gynecol Obstet.2013 Mar;287(3):473-5. doi: 10.1007/s00404-012-2598-6. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
INTRODUCTION: We are reporting a case of spontaneous conception and viable birth in a woman diagnosed with stage III pelvic endometriosis and bilateral tubal blockade.CASE: A 30-year-old woman was investigated for primary infertility and was diagnosed with stage III pelvic endometriosis, extensive d
PMID 23073724

Comparison of laparoscopic and open intraoperative ultrasonography for staging liver tumours.

Viganò L, Ferrero A, Amisano M, Russolillo N, Capussotti L.SourceDepartment of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Digestive Surgery, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Largo Turati 62, 10128 Torino, Italy. lvigano@ymail.com.
The British journal of surgery.Br J Surg.2013 Mar;100(4):535-42. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9025. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver surgery must reproduce open surgical steps. Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) is mandatory, but reliability of laparoscopic IOUS has been poorly evaluated. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic versus open IOUS in staging liver tumours.METHODS: All pati
PMID 23339035

Japanese Journal

Three Cases of Struma Ovarii Underwent Laparoscopic Surgery with Definite Preoperative Diagnosis

Binti Md Nor Nurliza,Kusumoto Tomoyuki,Inoue Seiji,Nakamura Keiichiro,Seki Noriko,Hongo Atsushi,Kodama Junichi,Hiramatsu Yuji
Acta Medica Okayama 67(3), 191-195, 2013-06-00
… Due to its ultrasound morphology, which is quite similar to that of malignant ovarian carcinoma, most struma ovarii cases are open operated with laparotomy rather than laparoscopy. … As for treatment, we think laparoscopy could be successful for struma ovarii, but the surgeon must be careful not to rupture the tumor intra-abdominally in order to prevent dissemination, which could lead to malignancy. …
NAID 120005295918

尾状葉原発肝血管筋脂肪腫の1例

河岡徹,深田武久,桑原太一,松隈聰,金子唯,原田俊夫,平木桜夫,福田進太郎,播磨陽平,浦山直樹,久野興子,松崎祐子,佐貫和俊
山口医学 62(1), 21-26, 2013-02-01
… The extrahepatic growing soft tumor originating in the caudate process was confirmed, and laparoscopy-assisted partial hepatectomy was performed. … Laparoscopy-assisted liver resection is useful for a tumor with difficult diagnosis. …
NAID 120005246292

Pelvic pain in women with ovarian endometrioma is mostly associated with coexisting peritoneal lesions

Khan Khaleque Newaz,Kitajima Michio,Fujishita Akira,Hiraki Koichi,Matsumoto Ayumi,Nakashima Masahiro,Masuzaki Hideaki
Human Reproduction 28(1), 109-118, 2013-01-00
… The tissue expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 was examined by immunohistochemistry and tissue concentrations of PG F2α were measured by ELISA.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Among the 2988 surgical cases, 350 (11.7%) were found to have ovarian endometrioma at laparoscopy. …
NAID 120005230511

症例報告化学放射線療法後の遺残食道癌に腹腔鏡補助下食道バイパス手術を施行した1例

松谷毅,野村務,萩原信敏 [他]
日本医科大学医学会雑誌 8(4), 260-263, 2012-12-00
NAID 40019535134

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リンク元	「腹腔鏡検査」「laparoscopic」「peritoneoscopy」「peritoneoscopic」「腹腔鏡検査法」
拡張検索	「laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy」「laparoscopy-assisted colectomy」「laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy」