関: label、labeling

WordNet

distinguish (as a compound or molecule) by introducing a labeled atom
a radioactive isotope that is used in a compound in order to trace the mechanism of a chemical reaction
trade name of a company that produces musical recordings; "the artists and repertoire department of a recording label is responsible for finding new talent" (同)recording label
a brief description given for purposes of identification; "the label Modern is applied to many different kinds of architecture"
an identifying or descriptive marker that is attached to an object
assign a label to; designate with a label; "These students were labelled `learning disabled"
distinguish (an element or atom) by using a radioactive isotope or an isotope of unusual mass for tracing through chemical reactions

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(品名・製造元などを示す)『はり札』,ラベル;(小包などの)荷札 / (団体・運動・政党支持者などの特徴を示す)短い文句,通り名;(辞書の見出し語などにつける)ラベル([物理][化学]など) / …‘に'『ラベルをはる』,荷札をつける;《比喩(ひゆ)的》〈人〉‘に'レッテルをはる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/03 06:20:35」(JST)

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Labelling or labeling is describing someone or something in a word or short phrase.^[1] For example, describing someone who has broken a law as a criminal. Labelling theory is a theory in sociology which ascribes labelling of people to control and identification of deviant behavior.

It has been argued that labelling is necessary for communication.^[2] However, the use of the term labelling is often intended to highlight the fact that the label is a description applied from the outside, rather than something intrinsic to the labelled thing. This can be done for several reasons:

To provoke a discussion about what the best description is
To reject a particular label
To reject the whole idea that the labelled thing can be described in a short phrase.

This last usage can be seen as an accusation that such a short description is overly-reductive.

Giving something a label can be seen as positive, but the term label is not usually used in this case. For example, giving a name to a common identity is seen as essential in identity politics.

Labelling is often equivalent to pigeonholing or the use of stereotypes and can suffer from the same problems as these activities.

The labelling of people can be related to a reference group. For example, the labels black and white are related to black people and white people; the labels young and old are related to young people and old people.

The labelling of works of art can be related to genre. For example a piece of music may be described as progressive rock or indie or ragga jungle drum and bass. However, there are other labels that can be applied to a work, such as derivative, low or high. The use of the word labelling is less common in the context of works of art than people. However, it also often represents the rejection of a label. For example, an artist may feel that the labeller is attempting to restrict the scope of the artist's work to that which is covered by the label.

References

^ "Labelling on dictionary.com (definition 2)".
^ The American Oxonian, Volume 86, pp184. Association of American Rhodes Scholars. 1999.

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English Journal

Effect of botulinum toxin A on the intraocular pressure and the retina in an animal model.

Gatzioufas Z, Stupp T, Moschos MM, Kopsidas K, Charalambous P, Thanos S.SourceInstitute of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany. zisis.gkatzioufas@uks.eu
Cutaneous and ocular toxicology.Cutan Ocul Toxicol.2013 Jun;32(2):107-11. doi: 10.3109/15569527.2012.713419. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
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PMID 22917001

Validation of methods for the detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles in food.

Linsinger TP, Chaudhry Q, Dehalu V, Delahaut P, Dudkiewicz A, Grombe R, von der Kammer F, Larsen EH, Legros S, Loeschner K, Peters R, Ramsch R, Roebben G, Tiede K, Weigel S.SourceEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium. Electronic address: thomasl.linsinger@ec.europa.eu.
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PMID 23411331

Quantification by UHPLC of total individual polyphenols in fruit juices.

Díaz-García MC, Obón JM, Castellar MR, Collado J, Alacid M.SourceDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, E-30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: mcdiazgarcia@hotmail.com.
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The present work proposes a new UHPLC-PDA-fluorescence method able to identify and quantify the main polyphenols present in commercial fruit juices in a 28-min chromatogram. The proposed method improve the IFU method No. 71 used to evaluate anthocyanins profiles of fruit juices. Fruit juices of stra
PMID 23411199

Japanese Journal

ナノラベリングとその規格 (特集ナノ計測のトレンド)

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NAID 40020525455

Contribution of water molecules to methane hydrate dissociation

Kida Masato,Watanabe Mizuho,Jin Yusuke,Nagao Jiro
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(6), 065502, 2015-05-18
… In this report, we describe the effects of ice on the restriction of methane diffusion during the dissociation of pressurized methane hydrate grains using two deuterium-labelling approaches with D<inf>2</inf>O. … The deuterium-labelling approaches demonstrated that water molecules in the host framework of methane hydrate predominantly contribute to ice formation, which restricts methane release from the decomposing hydrate framework more than ice coexisting with methane hydrate. …
NAID 150000110813