WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
of or relating to interstices

PrepTutorEJDIC

Interstate Commerce Commission・(米国)（the ～）州間通商委員会 (略 ICC)
(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
OLD French古[代]フランス語

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/29 08:55:17」(JST)

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For the cell in the midbrain, see Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus.

The interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) is a type of interstitial cell found in the gastrointestinal tract, there are different types with different functions. Myenteric Interstitial cells of Cajal [ICC-MY] serve as a pacemaker which creates the bioelectrical slow wave potential that leads to contraction of the smooth muscle.^[2]^[3]

Intramuscular Interstitial cells of Cajal [ICC-IM] are involved in the stimulation of smooth muscle cells, neurotransmitters act through them.^[4] Certain calcium-activated chloride channels are now known to play an important role in regulating human gastrointestinal ICC, particularly the anoctamin channel ANO1.^[5] A recent review noted that carbachol increases ICC activity through this channel.^[5]^[6] ANO1-knockout mice fail to produce slow waves and ANO1 channel inhibitors in humans block slow wave production.^[5]

Many types of smooth muscle tissues have now been shown to contain ICC, but with few exceptions the function of these cells is not known and is currently an area of active research. The ([www.isicc.org International Society for ICC]) has recently been formed to provide a forum to discuss research in ICC in a variety of tissues.

These cells are derived from mesoderm.^[7]

Role in slow wave activity

ICC serve as electrical pacemakers and generate spontaneous electrical slow waves in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Electrical slow waves spread from ICC to smooth muscle cells and the resulting depolarization initiates calcium ion entry and contraction. Slow waves organize gut contractions into phasic contractions that are the basis for peristalsis and segmentation.^{[medical citation needed]}

Frequency of ICC pacemaker cells

The frequency of ICC pacemaker activity differs in different regions of the GI tract:^[8]

3 per minute in the stomach
11-12 per minute in the duodenum
9-10 per minute in the ileum
3-4 per minute in the colon

ICC also mediate neural input from enteric motor neurons. Animals lacking ICC have greatly reduced responses to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, released from excitatory motor neurons, and to the transmitter nitric oxide, released from inhibitory motor neurons. Loss of ICC in disease, therefore, may interrupt normal neural control of gastrointestinal (GI) contractions and lead to functional GI disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome.^{[medical citation needed]}

ICC also express mechano-sensitive mechanisms that cause these cells to respond to stretch. Stretching GI muscles can affect the resting potentials of ICC and affect the frequency of pacemaker activity. Carbachol increases ICC activity through ANO1 activation.^[5]^[6]

ICC are also critical in the propagation of electrical slow waves. ICC form a network through which slow wave activity can propagate. If this network is broken, then 2 regions of muscle will function independently.^{[medical citation needed]}

Pathology

ICCs are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) arise.^[9] Also, abnormalities in the ICC network is one cause of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.^[10]

Eponym

The interstitial cells of Cajal are named after Santiago Ramón y Cajal,^[11] a Spanish pathologist and Nobel laureate.

References

^ http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMDuodenum.html
^ Hennig GW, Spencer NJ, Jokela-Willis S, Bayguinov PO, Lee HT, Ritchie LA, Ward SM, Smith TK, Sanders KM (May 2010). "ICC-MY coordinate smooth muscle electrical and mechanical activity in the murine small intestine". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 22 (5): e138–51. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01448.x. PMC 2856807. PMID 20059699.
^ Sanders K, Koh S, Ward S (2006). "Interstitial cells of cajal as pacemakers in the gastrointestinal tract". Annu Rev Physiol 68: 307–343. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040504.094718. PMID 16460275.
^ Kito Y (2011). "The functional role of intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal in the stomach". J Smooth Muscle Res 47 (2): 47–53. doi:10.1540/jsmr.47.47. PMID 21757854.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sanders KM, Zhu MH, Britton F, Koh SD, Ward SM (February 2012). "Anoctamins and gastrointestinal smooth muscle excitability". Exp. Physiol. 97 (2): 200–206. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.058248. PMC 3272164. PMID 22002868.
^ ^a ^b Zhu MH, Sung IK, Zheng H, Sung TS, Britton FC, O'Driscoll K, Koh SD, Sanders KM (September 2011). "Muscarinic activation of Ca2+-activated Cl- current in interstitial cells of Cajal". J. Physiol. (Lond.) 589 (Pt 18): 4565–82. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.211094. PMC 3208225. PMID 21768263.
^ Kursad Turksen (2006). Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Differentiation models. Humana Press. pp. 263–. ISBN 978-1-58829-784-6. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
^ Pocock, Richards, Richards, Human Physiology 4/ed, Oxford University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-19-957493-3. p.581
^ Miettinen M, Lasota J (2006). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: review on morphology, molecular pathology, prognosis, and differential diagnosis". Arch Pathol Lab Med 130 (10): 1466–78. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2006)130[1466:GSTROM]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1543-2165. PMID 17090188.
^ De Giorgio R, Sarnelli G, Corinaldesi R, Stanghellini V (2004). "Advances in our understanding of the pathology of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction". Gut 53 (11): 1549–1552. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.043968. PMC 1774265. PMID 15479666. Full Text
^ Sanders K, Ward S (2006). "Interstitial cells of Cajal: a new perspective on smooth muscle function". J Physiol 576 (Pt 3): 721–726. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.115279. PMC 1890422. PMID 16873406.

External links

Overview of ICCs - unr.edu.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 慢性偽性腸閉塞 chronic intestinal pseudo obstruction
2. 胃排出遅延の原因 pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying
3. GISTを含む消化管間葉系腫瘍の疫学、分類、臨床像、予後の特徴、および診断方法 epidemiology classification clinical presentation prognostic features and diagnostic work up of gastrointestinal mesenchymal neoplasms including gist
4. 胃不全麻痺に対する電気刺激 electrical stimulation for gastroparesis
5. 成人における慢性便秘の病因および評価 etiology and evaluation of chronic constipation in adults

English Journal

Involvement of actin microfilament in regulation of pacemaking activity increased by hypotonic stress in cultured ICCs of murine intestine.

Wang ZY1, Huang X, Liu DH, Lu HL, Kim YC, Xu WX.
Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca.Physiol Res.2014 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
Distension is a regular mechanical stimulus in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study was designed to investigate the effect of hypotonic stress on pacemaking activity and determine whether actin microfilament is involved in its mechanism in cultured murine intestinal interstitial cells of Cajal (I
PMID 25536314

Defining The Histopathoogical Changes Induced By Non-Ablative Radiofrequency (RF) Treatment Of Faecal Incontinence - A Blinded Assessment In An Animal Model.

Herman RM1, Berho M, Murawski M, Nowakowski M, Ryś J, Schwarz T, Wojtysiak D, Wexner SD.
Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.Colorectal Dis.2014 Dec 18. doi: 10.1111/codi.12874. [Epub ahead of print]
AIM: Non-ablative radiofrequency (RF) sphincter remodeling has been used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and faecal incontinence (FI). Its mechanism of action is unclear. We aimed to investigate the histomorphological and pathophysiological changes to internal (IAS) and external anal
PMID 25524045

An integrated assessment of histopathological changes of the enteric neuromuscular compartment in experimental colitis.

Ippolito C1, Segnani C, Errede M, Virgintino D, Colucci R, Fornai M, Antonioli L, Blandizzi C, Dolfi A, Bernardini N.
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.J Cell Mol Med.2014 Dec 17. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12428. [Epub ahead of print]
Bowel inflammatory fibrosis has been largely investigated, but an integrated assessment of remodelling in inflamed colon is lacking. This study evaluated tissue and cellular changes occurring in colonic wall upon induction of colitis, with a focus on neuromuscular compartment. Colitis was elicited i
PMID 25521239

Japanese Journal

消化管運動ペースメーカを介した脳腸機能相関について

中山晋介
自律神経 = The Autonomic nervous system 48(2), 83-85, 2011-04-15
NAID 10029303782

The functional role of intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal in the stomach

KITO Yoshihiko
Journal of
… Intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-IM) are found within the smooth muscle layers of the stomach. … ICC-IM are mainly spindle shaped cells with bipolar processes orientated along the long axis of surrounding smooth muscle cells. …
NAID 10029134377