- For the cell in the midbrain, see Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus.
| Interstitial cell of Cajal |
| Latin |
cellulae interstitiales stimulantes[1] |
The interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) is a type of interstitial cell found in the gastrointestinal tract, there are different types with different functions. Myenteric Interstitial cells of Cajal [ICC-MY] serve as a pacemaker[2] which creates the bioelectrical slow wave potential that leads to contraction of the smooth muscle.[3]
Intramuscular Interstitial cells of Cajal [ICC-IM] are involved in the stimulation of smooth muscle cells, neurotransmitters act through them.[4]
Many types of smooth muscle tissues have now been shown to contain ICC, but with few exceptions the function of these cells is not known and is currently an area of active research. An international society (International Society for ICC, www.isicc.org) has recently been formed to provide a forum to discuss research in ICC in a variety of tissues.
These cells are derived from mesoderm.[5]
Contents
- 1 Role in slow wave activity
- 2 Frequency of ICC pacemaker cells
- 3 Pathology
- 4 Eponym
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Role in slow wave activity[edit]
ICC
Frequency of ICC pacemaker cells[edit]
The frequency of ICC pacemaker activity differs in different regions of the GI tract:[citation needed]
- 3 per minute in the stomach
- 12 per minute in the duodenum
- 10 per minute in the ileum
- 3 per minute in the colon
ICC also mediate neural input from enteric motor neurons. Animals lacking ICC have greatly reduced responses to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, released from excitatory motor neurons, and to the transmitter nitric oxide, released from inhibitory motor neurons. Loss of ICC in disease, therefore, may interrupt normal neural control of gastrointestinal (GI) contractions and lead to functional GI disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome.
ICC also express mechano-sensitive mechanisms that cause these cells to respond to stretch. Stretching GI muscles can affect the resting potentials of ICC and affect the frequency of pacemaker activity.
ICC are also critical in the propagation of electrical slow waves. ICC form a network through which slow wave activity can propagate. If this network is broken, then 2 regions of muscle will function independently.
Pathology[edit]
ICCs are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) arise.[6] Also, abnormalities in the ICC network is one cause of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.[7]
Eponym[edit]
The interstitial cells of Cajal are named after Santiago Ramón y Cajal,[8] a Spanish pathologist and Nobel laureate.
References[edit]
- ^ http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMDuodenum.html
- ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20059699
- ^ Sanders K, Koh S, Ward S (2006). "Interstitial cells of cajal as pacemakers in the gastrointestinal tract". Annu Rev Physiol 68: 307–343. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040504.094718. PMID 16460275.
- ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21757854
- ^ Kursad Turksen (2006). Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Differentiation models. Humana Press. pp. 263–. ISBN 978-1-58829-784-6. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ Miettinen M, Lasota J (2006). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: review on morphology, molecular pathology, prognosis, and differential diagnosis". Arch Pathol Lab Med 130 (10): 1466–78. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2006)130[1466:GSTROM]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1543-2165. PMID 17090188.
- ^ De Giorgio R, Sarnelli G, Corinaldesi R, Stanghellini V (2004). "Advances in our understanding of the pathology of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction". Gut 53 (11): 1549–1552. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.043968. PMC 1774265. PMID 15479666. Full Text
- ^ Sanders K, Ward S (2006). "Interstitial cells of Cajal: a new perspective on smooth muscle function". J Physiol 576 (Pt 3): 721–726. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.115279. PMC 1890422. PMID 16873406.
External links[edit]
- Overview of ICCs - unr.edu.
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Digestive system, physiology: gastrointestinal physiology
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| GI tract |
| Upper GI |
| Exocrine |
- Chief cells
- Parietal cells
- Gastric acid
- Intrinsic factor
- Goblet cells
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| Processes |
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| Fluids |
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| Lower GI |
| Enteric nervous system |
- Meissner's plexus
- Auerbach's plexus
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| Endocrine/paracrine |
- G cells
- D cells
- ECL cells
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| enterogastrone: |
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- Enteroendocrine cells
- Enterochromaffin cell
- APUD cell
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| Fluids |
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| Processes |
- Segmentation contractions
- Migrating motor complex
- Borborygmus
- Defecation
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| Either/both |
| Processes |
- Peristalsis (Interstitial cell of Cajal
- Basal electrical rhythm)
- Gastrocolic reflex
- Digestion
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| Accessory |
| Fluids |
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| Processes |
- Enterohepatic circulation
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| Abdominopelvic |
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anat (t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy
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noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon
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proc, drug (A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte
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Human cell types / list derived primarily from mesoderm
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| Paraxial |
Cartilage/bone/
muscle
(MSC) |
| OCP |
| bone: |
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| cartilage: |
- Chondroblast → Chondrocyte
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| Myofibroblast |
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| muscle: |
- Myoblast → Myocyte
- Myosatellite cell
- Tendon cell
- Cardiac muscle cell
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| adipose: |
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| Digestive system |
- Interstitial cell of Cajal
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| Intermediate |
| Urinary system (RSC) |
- Angioblast → Endothelial cell
- Mesangial cell
- Intraglomerular
- Extraglomerular
- Juxtaglomerular cell
- Macula densa cell
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- Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes
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- Simple epithelial cell → Podocyte
- Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
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| Reproductive system |
- Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
- Granulosa cell
- Peg cell
- germ cells
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Lateral plate/
hemangioblast |
Blood/immune
(HSC) |
| Lymphoid (CFU-L) |
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| Myeloid (CFU-GEMM) |
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| Circulatory system |
- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Endothelial stem cell
- Angioblast/Mesoangioblast
- Pericyte
- Mural cell
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anat (c/f/k/f, u, t/p, l)/phys/devp/cell
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noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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noco/acba/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, urte
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proc/itvp, drug (G4B), blte, urte
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anat (a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot
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noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)
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