| Internal fixation |
| Intervention |
|
Orthopedic implants to repair fractures to the radius and ulna. Note the visible break in the ulna. (right forearm)
|
| ICD-9-CM |
78.5 |
| MeSH |
D005593 |
US Navy doctors perform an open reduction internal fixation operation on the femur.
Implant that has been used for fixation of a broken wrist (length in cm)
Anterior and lateral view x-rays of fractured left leg with internal fixation
Internal fixation is an operation in orthopedics that involves the surgical implementation of implants for the purpose of repairing a bone, a concept that dates to the mid-19th century and was made applicable for routine treatment in the mid-20th century.[1] An internal fixator may be made of stainless steel or titanium.[2]
Types of internal fixators include bone screws and metal plates, pins, rods,[3] Kirschner wires and intramedullary devices such as the Kuntscher nail and interlocking nail.[4]
Contents
- 1 Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)
- 2 Closed Reduction Internal Fixation
- 3 See also
- 4 Notes
- 5 External links
Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)
Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) involves the implementation of implants to guide the healing process of a bone, as well as the open reduction, or setting, of the bone itself. Open reduction refers to open surgery to set bones, as is necessary for some fractures. Internal fixation refers to fixation of screws and/or plates, intramedullary bone nails (femur, tibia, humerus) to enable or facilitate healing. Rigid fixation prevents micro-motion across lines of fracture to enable healing and prevent infection, which happens when implants such as plates (e.g. dynamic compression plate) are used. Open Reduction Internal Fixation techniques are often used in cases involving serious fractures such as comminuted or displaced fractures or in cases where the bone would otherwise not heal correctly with casting or splinting alone.
Risks and complications can include bacterial colonization of the bone, infection, stiffness and loss of range of motion, non-union, mal-union, damage to the muscles, nerve damage and palsy, arthritis, tendonitis, chronic pain associated with plates, screws, and pins, compartment syndrome, deformity, audible popping and snapping, and possible future surgeries to remove the hardware.
Closed Reduction Internal Fixation
Closed Reduction Internal Fixation (CRIF) is reduction without any open surgery, followed by internal fixation. It appears to be an acceptable alternative in unstable displaced lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children, but if fracture displacement after closed reduction exceeds 2 mm, open reduction and internal fixation is recommended.[5] Various techniques of minimally invasive surgery for internal fixation of bones have been reported. The treatment of fractures of the distal third of the tibia has evolved with the development of improved imaging and surgical techniques.[6]
See also
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen
- CNT Network Bio-stress Sensors
- External fixation
- List of orthopedic implants
Notes
- ^ T. Schlich (2002) Surgery, Science and Industry. A Revolution in Fracture Care, 1950s-1990s (Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave)
- ^ General Principles of Internal Fixation. URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1269987-overview Accessed 9 January 2010
- ^ MedicineNet.com URL: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13714 Accessed 9 January 2010
- ^ The Original Interlocking Nail System Accessed 10 February 2011
- ^ Song, K. S.; Kang, C. H.; Min, B. W.; Bae, K. C.; Cho, C. H.; Lee, J. H. (2008). "Closed Reduction and Internal Fixation of Displaced Unstable Lateral Condylar Fractures of the Humerus in Children". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 90 (12): 2673–2681. doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.01227. PMID 19047713. edit
- ^ Krettek, C. (1997). "Foreword: Concepts of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis". Injury. 28 Suppl 1: A1–A2. doi:10.1016/S0020-1383(97)90108-X. PMID 10897280. edit
External links
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Internal fixation. |
- AO Surgery Reference
- Basic Principles And Techniques Of Internal Fixation Of Fractures (28MB PPT)
|
Orthopedic surgery, operations/surgeries and other procedures on bones and joints (ICD-9-CM V3 76–81, ICD-10-PCS 0P–S)
|
|
| Bones |
| Facial |
- Jaw reduction
- Dentofacial osteotomy
- Genioplasty/Mentoplasty
- Orthognathic surgery
|
|
| Spine |
- Coccygectomy
- Laminotomy
- Laminectomy
- Laminoplasty
- Corpectomy
- Facetectomy
- Foraminotomy
- Vertebral fixation
- Percutaneous vertebroplasty
|
|
| Upper extremity |
|
|
| Lower extremity |
- Femoral head ostectomy
- Astragalectomy
- Distraction osteogenesis
- Ilizarov apparatus
|
|
| General |
- Ostectomy
- Bone grafting
- Osteotomy
- Epiphysiodesis
- Reduction
- Internal fixation
- External fixation
|
|
|
| Cartilage |
- Articular cartilage repair
- Knee cartilage replacement therapy
- Autologous chondrocyte implantation
|
|
| Joints |
| Spine |
- Arthrodesis
- Intervertebral discs
- Discectomy
- Annuloplasty
- Arthroplasty
|
|
| Upper extremity |
- Shoulder surgery
- Shoulder replacement
- Bankart repair
- Weaver–Dunn procedure
- Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction
- Hand surgery
|
|
| Lower extremity |
- Hip resurfacing
- Hip replacement
- Rotationplasty
- Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
- Knee replacement/Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
- Ankle replacement
- Broström procedure
- Triple arthrodesis
|
|
| General |
- Arthrotomy
- Arthroplasty
- Synovectomy
- Arthroscopy
- Replacement joint
- imaging: Arthrogram
- Arthrocentesis
|
|
|
|
Index of bones and cartilage
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- bones
- skull
- face
- neurocranium
- compound structures
- foramina
- upper extremity
- torso
- pelvis
- lower extremity
- Physiology
- Development
- Cells
|
|
| Disease |
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Trauma
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
| Treatment |
|
|
Index of joint
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- head and neck
- cranial
- arms
- torso and pelvis
- legs
- bursae and sheathes
- Physiology
|
|
| Disease |
- Arthritis
- acquired
- back
- childhood
- soft tissue
- Congenital
- Injury
- Symptoms and signs
- Examination
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gout
- topical analgesics
|
|
|