WordNet

walk stiffly
a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ (同)stem
a stiff or threatening gait (同)angry walk
the act of following prey stealthily (同)stalking
a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush (同)stalking, still hunt
go through (an area) in search of prey; "stalk the woods for deer"

PrepTutorEJDIC

《しばしば複合語を作って》『茎』;葉柄 / 細長い支え
《副詞[句]を伴って》『大手を振って歩く』,堂々と歩く / (場所に)〈疫病・災害などが〉広がる,はびこる《+『through』(『across』)+『名』》 / 〈敵・獲物など〉‘に'『忍び寄る』,そっと近づく / (災害・疫病などが)〈場所〉‘に'広まる / (敵・獲物などに)忍び寄ること / いぱって歩くこと,濶歩(かっぽ)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/25 17:08:37」(JST)

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Also see infundibulum (disambiguation) for other uses of the term.

The pituitary stalk (also known as the infundibular stalk or simply the infundibulum) is the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. The floor of the third ventricle is prolonged downward as a funnel-shaped recess, the infundibular recess, into the infundibulum, and to the apex of the latter the hypophysis or pituitary is attached.^[1]

It passes through the dura mater of the diaphragma sellae as it carries axons from the magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus down to the posterior pituitary where they release their neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin, into the blood.

This connection is called the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract or hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract.

Compression

It has been thought that the pituitary stalk may become compressed due to suprasellar tumors in the pars tuberalis region, and that the resulting compression may cause hyperprolactinemia.^[2] This phenomenon has been described as the stalk effect or pituitary stalk compression syndrome.^[2]

However, at least one article suggests that the increase in prolactin in these cases may instead be caused by the tumor's secretion of preprotachykinin A derived tachykinins, substance P, and/or neurokinin A.^[2]

Additional images

The sinuses at the base of the skull.
Median sagittal section of brain. The relations of the pia mater are indicated by the red color.
Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side.
The hypophysis cerebri in position. Shown in sagittal section.
Vertical sections of the heads of early embryos of the rabbit. Magnified.
Human brainstem anterior view

External links

Pituitary+stalk at eMedicine Dictionary

References

^ Grey's Anatomy
^ ^a ^b ^c Skinner, Donal (March 2009). "Rethinking the Stalk Effect: A New Hypothesis Explaining Suprasellar Tumor-Induced Hyperprolactinemia". Med hypotheses 72 (3): 309–310. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.08.030. PMC 2668659. PMID 19028420. Retrieved June 29, 2012.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 胎児腹壁破裂および総排泄腔外反症 body stalk anomaly and cloacal exstrophy
2. 視床下部下垂体軸 hypothalamic pituitary axis
3. 中枢性尿崩症の臨床症状および原因 clinical manifestations and causes of central diabetes insipidus
4. 下垂体機能低下症の原因 causes of hypopituitarism
5. 大腸ポリープ切除後の出血 bleeding after colonic polypectomy

English Journal

P2X7 receptors in neurohypophysial terminals: evidence for their role in arginine-vasopressin secretion.

Cuadra AE, Custer EE, Bosworth EL, Lemos JR.Author information Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.AbstractArginine-vasopressin (AVP) plays a major role in maintaining cardiovascular function and related pathologies. The mechanism involved in its release into the circulation is complex and highly regulated. Recent work has implicated the purinergic receptor, P2X7R, in a role for catecholamine-enhanced AVP release in the rat hypothalamic-neurohypophysial (NH) system. However, the site of P2X7R action in this endocrine system, and whether or not it directly mediates release in secretory neurons have not been determined. We hypothesized that the P2X7R is expressed and mediates AVP release in NH terminals. P2X7R function was first examined by patch-clamp recordings in isolated NH terminals. Results revealed that subpopulations of isolated terminals displayed either high ATP-sensitivity or low ATP-sensitivity, the latter of which was characteristic of the rat P2X7R. Additional recordings showed that terminals showing sensitivity to the P2X7R-selective agonist, BzATP, were further inhibited by P2X7R selective antagonists, AZ10606120 and brilliant blue-G. In confocal micrographs from tissue sections and isolated terminals of the NH P2X7R-immunoreactivity was found to be localized in plasma membranes. Lastly, the role of P2X7R on AVP release was tested. Our results showed that BzATP evoked sustained AVP release in NH terminals, which was inhibited by AZ10606120. Taken together, our data lead us to conclude that the P2X7R is expressed in NH terminals and corroborates its role in AVP secretion.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 Mar;229(3):333-42. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24453.
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) plays a major role in maintaining cardiovascular function and related pathologies. The mechanism involved in its release into the circulation is complex and highly regulated. Recent work has implicated the purinergic receptor, P2X7R, in a role for catecholamine-enhanced AV
PMID 24037803

Flow artifact in the anterior communicating artery resembling aneurysm on the time of flight MR angiogram.

Takhtani D, Dundamadappa S, Puri AS, Wakhloo A.Author information Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA.AbstractBACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) of the brain is a widely employed non-invasive test to diagnose aneurysms. However, its overall accuracy is less than digital subtraction angiography and is prone to give false-positive or false-negative results. False-negative results can be seen with hemorrhage, lipoma, dermoid, posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the flow artifacts.
Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987).Acta Radiol.2014 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) of the brain is a widely employed non-invasive test to diagnose aneurysms. However, its overall accuracy is less than digital subtraction angiography and is prone to give false-positive or false-negative results. False-negative results can be seen with
PMID 24413225

Japanese Journal

Intercellular Communication within the Rat Anterior Pituitary : Immunohistochemical Study on the Relationship between the Hypothalamus, Agranular Cells and GnRH Neurons in the Pars Tuberalis and Anterior Pituitary Gland

Kurita Jun,Shirasawa Nobuyuki,Mabuchi Yoshio,Sakuma Eisuke,Sato Yumi,Sato Goro,Herbert Damon C.,Soji Tsuyoshi
Acta histochemica et cytochemica = Official Journal of the Japan Society of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 37(4), 227-239, 2004
… In rats, it is also believed that the pars tuberalis completely encircles the infundibular stalk at the ventral portion of hypothalamus. … The pars tuberalis did not, however, completely encircle the pituitary stalk. … These reactions then decreased significantly and were sparsely distributed both in the diencephalon and in the area near the pituitary stalk where the two separated. …
NAID 110003144384

Suprasell Peri-infundibular Ectopic Prolactionma

UEDA Ryo,KATAYAMA Makoto,YOSHIDA Kazunari,KAWASE Takeshi
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 43(1), 51-54, 2003-01-15
… Magnetic resonance(MR)imaging showed a suprasellar Cystic tumaor in Contact With the Pituitary stalk. … The Pituitary stalk and the diaphragama sellae were histological kiagnosis was Prolaction-Producing Pituitary adenoma. … The final kiagnosis was suprasellar ectopic pituitary adenoma srising in the peri-infundibular region. … Follow-up MR imaging at 1 year showed a normal pituitary stalk and pituitary gkand, with no evidence of residual tumor. …
NAID 110002277054

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「infundibular hypothalamus」「infundibular stem」「漏斗茎」
関連記事	「infundibular」「infundibula」「stalk」

「infundibular hypothalamus」

Pituitary stalk
	Pituitary stalk not labeled, but is the vertical blue portion.
	Basal view of a human brain (Infundibulum labeled third from the top on right)
Details
Latin	infundibulum neurohypophyseos
Identifiers
Gray's	p.813
MeSH	A06.407.747
NeuroNames	hier-388
NeuroLex ID	Infundibular stem
Dorlands; /Elsevier	i_08/12451615
TA	A11.1.00.007
FMA	FMA:74635
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy