WordNet

move or pour through a funnel; "funnel the liquid into the small bottle"
a conical shape with a wider and a narrower opening at the two ends (同)funnel shape
(nautical) smokestack consisting of a shaft for ventilation or the passage of smoke (especially the smokestack of a ship)
a conically shaped utensil having a narrow tube at the small end; used to channel the flow of substances into a container with a small mouth
any of various funnel-shaped parts of the body (but especially the hypophyseal stalk)
a funnel-shaped spider web; the funnel-web spider perches in the center of the web
shaped in the form of a funnel

PrepTutorEJDIC

じょうご / (機関車・汽船などの)煙突 / …‘に'注ぐ / …‘を'じょうご形にする / 狭い所を通り抜ける

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/09 17:34:36」(JST)

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A typical kitchen funnel

RMS Olympic's Funnels

A funnel on a ship, like this one on the Mauretania

A ceramic Roman kitchen funnel (1st–3rd century AD)

A funnel is a pipe with a wide, often conical mouth and a narrow stem. It is used to channel liquid or fine-grained substances into containers with a small opening. Without a funnel, spillage would occur.

Funnels are usually made of stainless steel, aluminium, glass, or plastic. The material used in its construction should be sturdy enough to withstand the weight of the substance being transferred, and it should not react with the substance. For this reason, stainless steel or glass are useful in transferring diesel, while plastic funnels are useful in the kitchen. Sometimes disposable paper funnels are used in cases where it would be difficult to adequately clean the funnel afterward (for example, in adding motor oil to a car). Dropper funnels, also called dropping funnels or tap funnels, have a tap to allow the controlled release of a liquid.

The term funnel is sometimes used to refer to the chimney or smokestack on a steam locomotive and usually used in referring to the same on a ship. The term funnel is also applied to other seemingly strange objects like a smoking pipe or a kitchen bin.

Laboratory funnels

There are many different kinds of funnels that have been adapted for specialized applications in the laboratory. Filter funnels, thistle funnels (shaped like thistle flowers), and dropping funnels have stopcocks which allow the fluids to be added to a flask slowly. For solids, a powder funnel with a wide and short stem is more appropriate as it does not clog easily.

When used with filter paper, filter funnels, Büchner and Hirsch funnels can be used to remove fine particles from a liquid in a process called filtration. For more demanding applications, the filter paper in the latter two may be replaced with a sintered glass frit. Separatory funnels are used in liquid-liquid extractions. The Tullgren funnel is used to collect arthropods from plant litter or similar material.^[1]

Construction

Glass is the material of choice for laboratory applications due to its inertness compared with metals or plastics. However, plastic funnels made of nonreactive polyethylene are used for transferring aqueous solutions. Plastic is most often used for powder funnels that do not come into contact with solvent in normal use.

Culture

The inverted funnel is a symbol of madness. It appears in many Medieval depictions of the mad; for example, in Hieronymus Bosch's Ship of Fools and Allegory of Gluttony and Lust.

In popular culture, the Tin Woodman in L. Frank Baum's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (and in most dramatizations of it) uses an inverted funnel for a hat, though that is never specifically mentioned in the story—it originated in W. W. Denslow's original illustrations for the book.

In the East Coast of the United States, "beer funnel" is another term for "beer bong". "Funneling" a beer involves pouring an entire beer into a funnel attached to a tube, in which a person then consumes the beer via the tube.

In the computing world, a funnel is frequently used as the icon for the filter functionality.

References

^ A Dictionary of Entomology. CABI. 2011. p. 172. ISBN 184593542X. Retrieved 9 July 2013.

Look up funnel in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 自然早産の予測のための妊娠中期の子宮頸管長測定 second trimester evaluation of cervical length for prediction of spontaneous preterm birth
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Does night work increase the risk of breast cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

Jia Y, Lu Y, Wu K, Lin Q, Shen W, Zhu M, Huang S, Chen J.SourceDepartment of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
Cancer epidemiology.Cancer Epidemiol.2013 Jun;37(3):197-206. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.01.005. Epub 2013 Feb 9.
Objective: To conduct a systematic review, with meta-analysis, of studies assessing the association between night work and the risk of breast cancer, using available epidemiological evidence. Method: Relevant studies were identified by searching several databases and the reference lists of retrieved
PMID 23403128

Tracking the Molecular Features of Nonpolypoid Colorectal Neoplasms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Voorham QJ, Rondagh EJ, Knol DL, van Engeland M, Carvalho B, Meijer GA, Sanduleanu S.Source1] Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] The first two authors contributed equally to this work.
The American journal of gastroenterology.Am J Gastroenterol.2013 May 7. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.126. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES:Nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms (NP-CRNs) are proposed as a major contributor to the occurrence of interval cancers, but their underlying biology remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the major biological events in NP-CRNs.METHODS:We systema
PMID 23649184

The bacterial translocon SecYEG opens upon ribosome binding.

Knyazev DG, Lents A, Krause E, Ollinger N, Siligan C, Papinski D, Winter L, Horner A, Pohl P.SourceJohannes Kepler University, Austria;
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2013 May 3. [Epub ahead of print]
In cotranslational translocation, the ribosome funnel and the channel of the protein translocation complex SecYEG are aligned. For the nascent chain to enter the channel immediately after synthesis, a yet unidentified signal triggers displacement of the SecYEG sealing plug from the pore. Here we sho
PMID 23645666

New Computerized Indices for Quantitative Evaluation of Depression and Asymmetry in Patients With Chest Wall Deformities.

Kim HC, Choi H, Jin SO, Lee JJ, Nam KW, Kim IY, Nam KC, Park HJ, Lee KH, Kim MG.SourceDepartment of Radiological Science, Eulji University, Seongnam.
Artificial organs.Artif Organs.2013 May 2. doi: 10.1111/aor.12085. [Epub ahead of print]
An evaluation index that can quantitatively assess the severity of chest wall deformities is essential to prepare and assess corrective surgical operations for patients with these deformities, including funnel chest patients. In previous studies, our group proposed several automatically calculated i
PMID 23634651

Japanese Journal

Nuss法術後に生じたバー挿入部皮膚陥凹変形症例の検討

飛澤泰友,柴田実,佐藤孝道,工藤英樹,鈴木肇
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NAID 10030631347

141 簡易ロート試験の拡張によるフレッシュモルタルの定量的評価に関する基礎的研究(施工・材料)

岩田圭輔,黒川善幸
日本建築学会研究報告. 九州支部. 1, 構造系 (51), 161-164, 2012-03-01
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窒素質化学肥料の施肥とサトウキビ栽培石灰質土壌からのCO_2フラックスおよび浸透水水質との関係

野村渉平,入江満美,牛久保明邦,中西康博
日本土壌肥料學雜誌 83(1), 18-23, 2012-02-05
炭酸塩岩島嶼である宮古島の石灰質土壌でサトウキビを栽培し,化学肥料の施肥の有無と地表からのCO_2フラックスならびに浸透水の水質との関係を明らかにすることを目的とした.無施肥区(対照区)と施肥区を設け,施肥区には尿素入り複合燐加安804号(18-10-14;窒素18%の内11%が硫安)を2回の培土時にそれぞれ6.75g-Nm^<-2>,7.25g-Nm^<-2>を施肥し,そ …
NAID 110009596789

Effect of functional monomers in all-in-one adhesive systems on formation of enamel/dentin acid-base resistant zone

NIKAIDO Toru,ICHIKAWA Chiaki,LI Na,TAKAGAKI Tomohiro,SADR Alireza,YOSHIDA Yasuhiro,SUZUKI Kazuomi,TAGAMI Junji
Dental materials journal 30(5), 576-582, 2011-09-01
… Funnel-shaped erosion was observed only in the enamel specimen with the 4-META adhesive. …
NAID 10029480351