(動物疾患) 伝染性イヌ肝炎

WordNet

of or relating to or characteristic of members of the family Canidae
any of various fissiped mammals with nonretractile claws and typically long muzzles (同)canid
one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars (同)canine_tooth, eyetooth, eye tooth, dogtooth, cuspid
of or relating to a pointed conical tooth (同)laniary
of or relating to infection; "infectious hospital"; "infectious disease"
caused by infection or capable of causing infection; "viruses and other infective agents"; "a carrier remains infective without himself showing signs of the disease" (同)infective
easily spread; "fear is exceedingly infectious; children catch it from their elders"- Bertrand Russell
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin

PrepTutorEJDIC

犬の;犬のような / 犬;イヌ科の動物(オオカミ,コヨーテなど) / (また『canine tooth』)犬歯
(病気が)伝染する,伝染性の / (影響などが)感化しやすい,うつりやすい
肝[臓]炎

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/02 11:02:58」(JST)

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Infectious canine hepatitis is an acute liver infection in dogs caused by canine adenovirus type-1 (CAV-1). CAV-1 also causes disease in wolves, coyotes, and bears, and encephalitis in foxes.^[1] The virus is spread in the faeces, urine, blood, saliva, and nasal discharge of infected dogs. It is contracted through the mouth or nose, where it replicates in the tonsils. The virus then infects the liver and kidneys. The incubation period is 4 to 7 days.^[2]

Symptoms include fever, depression, loss of appetite, coughing, and a tender abdomen. Corneal edema and signs of liver disease, such as jaundice, vomiting, and hepatic encephalopathy, may also occur. Severe cases will develop bleeding disorders, which can cause hematomas to form in the mouth.^[1] Death can occur secondary to this or the liver disease. However, most dogs recover after a brief illness, although chronic corneal edema and kidney lesions may persist.^[3]

Diagnosis is made by recognizing the combination of symptoms and abnormal blood tests that occur in infectious canine hepatitis. A rising antibody titer to CAV-1 is also seen. The disease can be confused with canine parvovirus because both will cause a low white blood cell count and bloody diarrhea in young, unvaccinated dogs.

Treatment is symptomatic. Most dogs recover spontaneously without treatment. Prevention is through vaccination (ATCvet code QI07AA05 and various combination vaccines). Most combination vaccines for dogs contain a modified canine adenovirus type-2.^[4] CAV-2 is one of the causes of respiratory infections in dogs, but it is similar enough to CAV-1 that vaccine for one creates immunity for both. CAV-2 vaccine is much less likely to cause side effects than CAV-1 vaccine.^[2] One study has shown the vaccine to have a duration of immunity of at least four years.^[5]

CAV-1 is destroyed in the environment by steam cleaning and quaternary ammonium compounds. Otherwise, the virus can survive in the environment for months in the right conditions. It can also be released in the urine of a recovered dog for up to a year.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b Carter, G.R.; Wise, D.J. (2006). "Adenoviridae". A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved 2006-06-10.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3.
^ "Infectious Canine Hepatitis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
^ Ford, Richard B. (2002). "Canine Vaccination Protocols". Proceedings of the 27th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
^ Abdelmagid O, Larson L, Payne L, Tubbs A, Wasmoen T, Schultz R (2004). "Evaluation of the efficacy and duration of immunity of a canine combination vaccine against virulent parvovirus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, and distemper virus experimental challenges". Vet Ther 5 (3): 173–86. PMID 15578450.

External links

canine antibody diagnosis tests

UpToDate Contents

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1. B型肝炎のマネージメントの概要および症例 overview of the management of hepatitis b and case examples
2. 成人におけるA型肝炎ウイルス感染の概要 overview of hepatitis a virus infection in adults
3. 慢性C型肝炎ウイルス感染のマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of chronic hepatitis c virus infection
4. 小児および思春期におけるB型肝炎ウイルス感染の概要 overview of hepatitis b virus infection in children and adolescents
5. 小児におけるA型肝炎ウイルス感染の概要 overview of hepatitis a virus infection in children

English Journal

Disease control through fertility control: Secondary benefits of animal birth control in Indian street dogs.

Yoak AJ, Reece JF, Gehrt SD, Hamilton IM.Author information Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 300 Aronoff, 318W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: yoak.4@osu.edu.AbstractWe sought to (1) survey sexually intact street dogs for a wide range of diseases in three cities in Rajasthan, India and (2) evaluate links between the health of non-treated dogs and both the presence and duration of animal birth control (ABC) programs. ABC regimes sterilize and vaccinate stray dogs in an attempt to control their population and the spread of rabies. They are commonly suggested to improve the health of those dogs they serve, but here we provide evidence that these benefits also extend to untreated dogs in the community. Viral and bacterial disease seroprevalences were assessed in 240 sexually intact street dogs from Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Sawai Madhopur cities in October and September 2011. Those individuals and 50 additional dogs were assessed for the presence of ticks, fleas, fight wounds, and given body condition scores. Dogs in cities with an ABC program had with significantly (p<0.05) higher overall body condition scores, lower prevalence of open wounds likely caused by fighting, flea infestations, infectious canine hepatitis, Ehrlichia canis, Leptospira interrogans serovars, and canine distemper virus antibodies. However, those same dogs in cities with ABC programs had significantly higher prevalence of Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) infestations. Canine parvovirus and Brucella canis prevalences were not significantly different between cities. This study is the first to demonstrate the health benefits of ABC on non-vaccinated diseases and non-treated individuals.
Preventive veterinary medicine.Prev Vet Med.2014 Jan 1;113(1):152-6. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.09.005. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
We sought to (1) survey sexually intact street dogs for a wide range of diseases in three cities in Rajasthan, India and (2) evaluate links between the health of non-treated dogs and both the presence and duration of animal birth control (ABC) programs. ABC regimes sterilize and vaccinate stray dogs
PMID 24239212

Assessing demographic and epidemiologic parameters of rural dog populations in India during mass vaccination campaigns.

Belsare AV, Gompper ME.Author information Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. avbxv8@mail.missouri.eduAbstractMass vaccination of dogs is a mainstay for efforts to control rabies and other viral pathogens. The success of such programs is a function of the ability to vaccinate sufficient proportions of animals to develop herd immunity. However, fully assessing success in reaching target vaccination-levels and in understanding the outcome of mass vaccination efforts is hindered if insufficient information is available on the demographics of dog populations and the prevalence of the targeted pathogens. While such information can sometimes be gained from questionnaire surveys, greater precision requires direct assessment of the dog populations. Here we show how such information can be gained from surveys of dogs conducted in association with mass-vaccination programs. We conducted surveys of dogs in six villages in rural Maharashtra, India, between February and July 2011 as part of an effort to reduce the risk of human rabies and virus transmission from dogs to wildlife. Mass vaccination efforts were conducted in each village, and paired with blood sample collection and photographic mark-recapture approaches to gain epidemiologic and demographic data. This data in turn facilitated estimates of dog abundance, population density and structure, vaccination coverage, and seroprevalence of antibodies against canine adenovirus (CAV), canine parvovirus (CPV), and canine distemper virus (CDV). The median dog population size for the six villages was 134 (range 90-188), the median dog population density was 719 dogs per km(2) (range 526-969), and the median human:dog ratio for these six villages was 34 (range 30-47). The median household:dog ratio for the six villages was 6 (range 5-8). Following vaccination efforts, the median vaccination coverage achieved was 34% (range 24-42%). The dog populations consisted mostly of adult dogs (67-86%) and the median sex ratio for the study area was male biased (1.55 males per female; range 0.9-2.5). The seroprevalence of antibodies against CAV, CPV and CDV was 68, 88 and 73%, respectively. Mass vaccination campaigns provide an opportunity to obtain vital epidemiological and demographic data, and develop a clearer understanding of the threats and impacts of diseases and disease control measures.
Preventive veterinary medicine.Prev Vet Med.2013 Aug 1;111(1-2):139-46. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.04.003. Epub 2013 May 8.
Mass vaccination of dogs is a mainstay for efforts to control rabies and other viral pathogens. The success of such programs is a function of the ability to vaccinate sufficient proportions of animals to develop herd immunity. However, fully assessing success in reaching target vaccination-levels an
PMID 23664490

Concomitant canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, canine parvoviral enteritis, canine infectious tracheobronchitis, and toxoplasmosis in a puppy.

Headley SA, Alfieri AA, Fritzen JT, Garcia JL, Weissenböck H, da Silva AP, Bodnar L, Okano W, Alfieri AF.Author information Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 6001, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86051-990, Brazil. selwyn.headley@uel.brAbstractThe concomitant infections of Canine distemper virus (CDV), Canine adenovirus A types 1 (CAdV-1) and 2 (CAdV-2), Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), and Toxoplasma gondii are described in a 43-day-old mixed-breed puppy. Clinically, there were convulsions and blindness with spontaneous death; 14 siblings of this puppy, born to a 10-month-old dam, which was seropositive (titer: 1,024) for T. gondii, also died. Necropsy revealed unilateral corneal edema (blue eye), depletion of intestinal lymphoid tissue, non-collapsible lungs, congestion of meningeal vessels, and a pale area in the myocardium. Histopathology demonstrated necrotizing myocarditis associated with intralesional apicomplexan protozoa; necrotizing and chronic hepatitis associated with rare intranuclear inclusion bodies within hepatocytes; necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis; interstitial pneumonia associated with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies within epithelial cells; atrophy and fusion of intestinal villi with cryptal necrosis; and white matter demyelination of the cerebrum and cerebellum associated with intranuclear inclusion bodies within astrocytes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified the partial fragments (bp) of the CDV N gene (290 bp), CPV-2c VP2 capsid protein gene (583 bp), and CAdV-1 (508 bp) and CAdV-2 (1,030 bp) E gene from urine and tissue samples. The PCR assays demonstrated that the apicomplexan protozoa observed within several organs contained DNA specific for T. gondii; genotyping revealed T. gondii type III. The findings support the characterization of concomitant infections of CDV, CAdV-1, CAdV-2, CPV-2, and T. gondii in this puppy. Further, seroreactivity to T. gondii of the dam in association with the systemic disease observed in the puppy described herein is suggestive of congenital toxoplasmosis.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.J Vet Diagn Invest.2013 Jan;25(1):129-35. doi: 10.1177/1040638712471344. Epub 2013 Jan 4.
The concomitant infections of Canine distemper virus (CDV), Canine adenovirus A types 1 (CAdV-1) and 2 (CAdV-2), Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), and Toxoplasma gondii are described in a 43-day-old mixed-breed puppy. Clinically, there were convulsions and blindness with spontaneous death; 14 siblin
PMID 23293164

Japanese Journal

Booster effect of canine distemper, canine parvovirus infection and infectious canine hepatitis combination vaccine in domesticated adult dogs

Taguchi Masayuki,Namikawa Kazuhiko,Maruo Takuya [他]
Microbiology and immunology 56(8), 579-582, 2012-08
NAID 40019376858

わが国のペットショップにおける犬アデノウイルス1型の集団感染

相馬武久,田原口智士,川嶋舟,原元宣
動物臨床医学 20(2), 47-51, 2011
2008年10月，わが国のペットショップにおいて5カ月齢の犬が肝臓と腹腔内に出血を呈し突然死した。その数日後，同居犬2頭が犬伝染性肝炎（ICH）を疑う症状を呈した。これら2頭から抗体検査とPCRにより犬アデノウイルス1型（CAV-1）感染が検出され，ICHと診断された。さらに，同居の無症状犬5頭中4頭からCAV-1感染が検出され，CAV-1感染が本ショップにすでに蔓延していることが示された。これら …
NAID 130004493401

犬ジステンパーウイルスと犬伝染性肝炎ウイルスに重感染した1仔犬の病理(短報)

古林与志安 [他],落合謙爾,板倉智敏
日本獣医学雑誌 55(4), 699-701, 1993-08-15
72日齢の雌犬が、食欲不振, 発咳, 鼻汁排泄, 下痢便を主とした15日間の臨床経過で死亡した. 病理検索の結果, 本犬には全身性の犬ジステンパーウイルス感染, 並びに肝・胆管系と呼吸器系に限局した犬アデノウイルス(CAV)感染が認められた. とくに胆管壁の水腫性肥厚および肝実質の多発性巣状壊死が, CAV封入体と関連して発現していたことは, CAVが犬伝染性肝炎ウイルスであることを示唆している.
NAID 110003915899