WordNet

of or relating to or characteristic of members of the family Canidae
any of various fissiped mammals with nonretractile claws and typically long muzzles (同)canid
one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars (同)canine_tooth, eyetooth, eye tooth, dogtooth, cuspid
of or relating to a pointed conical tooth (同)laniary
a means of enforcement; "the treaty had no teeth in it"
one of a number of uniform projections on a gear
something resembling the tooth of an animal
toothlike structure in invertebrates found in the mouth or alimentary canal or on a shell
hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense
a blast of a horn
having teeth especially of a certain number or type; often used in combination; "saw-toothed"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の)犬歯
犬の;犬のような / 犬;イヌ科の動物(オオカミ,コヨーテなど) / (また『canine tooth』)犬歯
『歯』 / 『歯状の物』,(くし・のこぎり・歯車・フォークなど)歯の働きをする物 / …に歯を付ける;…‘を'歯状(ぎざぎざ)にする
…もまた,その上 / 『あまりにも』,過度に,必要以上に / 『非常に』,大変,はなはだ(very, extremely) / 《話》《相手の否定の言葉に,肯定で応じて》ところがどうして
(笛・らっぱなどの)プープー鳴る音;(笛・らっぱなどを)プープー鳴らすこと / 〈笛・らっぱなど〉‘を'鳴らす / 〈笛・らっぱなどが〉鳴る
歯のある / V字型の突起がある,ぎざぎざの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/08 16:05:10」(JST)

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In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dog teeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth. However, they can appear more flattened, causing them to resemble incisors and leading them to be called incisiform. They developed and are used primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in a mammal's mouth. Most species that develop them normally have four per mammal, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by its incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most species, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. Narwhals provide an extreme example, where one canine tooth, usually the left, erupts into a long spiral horn up to nine feet (2.7 metres) long.^[1]

The four canines in humans are the two maxillary canines and the two mandibular canines.

Details

The Walrus has the longest canines, which can reach a length of 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and weigh up to 5.4 kg (12 lb).^[2]

There are four canine teeth: two in the upper (maxillary) and two in the lower (mandibular) arch. A canine is placed laterally to each lateral incisor. They are larger and stronger than the incisors, and their roots sink deeply into the bones, and cause well-marked prominences upon the surface.

The crown is large and conical, very convex on its labial surface, a little hollowed and uneven on its lingual surface, and tapering to a blunted point or cusp, which projects beyond the level of the other teeth. The root is single, but longer and thicker than that of the incisors, conical in form, compressed laterally, and marked by a slight groove on each side. The lingual surface also presents two depressions on either side of the surface separated by a ridge in between; these depressions are known as mesial and distal lingual fossae.

In humans, the upper canine teeth (popularly called eye teeth, from their position under the eyes^[3]) are larger and longer than the lower, and usually present a distinct basal ridge. Eruption typically occurs between the ages of eleven and twelve years.

From a facial aspect, maxillary canines are approximately one millimetre narrower than the central incisor. Their mesial aspects resemble the adjacent lateral incisors, while their distal aspects anticipate the first premolars. They are slightly darker and more yellow in color than the other anterior teeth. From a lingual aspect, they have well developed mesial and distal marginal ridges and a well-developed cingulum. A prominent lingual ridge divides the lingual aspect in half and creates the mesial and distal lingual fossae between the lingual ridge and the marginal ridges. From a proximal aspect, they resemble the incisors, but are more robust, especially in the cingulum region. Incisally, they are visibly asymmetrical, as the mesial incisal edge is slightly shorter than the distal incisal edge, which places the cusp slightly mesial to the long axis of the tooth. They are also thicker labiolingually than mesiodistally. Because of the disproportionate incisal edges, the contacts are also asymmetrical. Mesially, the contact sits at the junction of the incisal and middle third of the crown, while distally, the contact as more cervical, in the middle of the middle third of the crown.

The lower canine teeth are placed nearer the middle line than the upper, so that their summits correspond to the intervals between the upper canines and the lateral incisors. Eruption typically occurs between the ages of nine and ten years of age.

From a facial aspect, the mandibular canine is notably narrower mesiodistally than the maxillary one, even though the root may be just as long (and at times bifurcated). A distinctive feature is the nearly straight outline this tooth has compared to the maxillary canine which is slightly more bowed. As in the maxillary canine, the mesial incisal edge (or cusp ridge) is shorter than the distal side, however, the cusp is displaced slightly lingual relative to the cusp of the maxillary canine. Lingually, the surface of the tooth is much more smooth compared to the very pronounced surface of the maxillary canine, and the cingulum is noted as less developed.

Sexual dimorphism

With many species, the canine teeth in the upper or lower jaw, or in both, are much larger in the males than in the females, or are absent in females, except sometimes a hidden rudiment. Certain antelopes, the musk-deer, camel, horse, boar, various apes, seals, and the walrus, offer instances.^[4]

In non-mammals

In non-mammals, teeth similar to canines may be termed "caniniform" ("canine-shaped") teeth.

Additional images

Mouth (oral cavity)
Left maxilla. Outer surface.
Base of skull. Inferior surface.
Unerupted permanent teeth underlie the deciduous teeth.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Nweeia, Martin; Eichmiller, Frederick C.; Hauschka, Peter V.; Tyler, Ethan; Mead, James G.; Potter, Charles W.; Angnatsiak, David P.; Richard, Pierre R. et al. (30 March 2012). "Vestigial Tooth Anatomy and Tusk Nomenclature for Monodon Monoceros". The Anatomical Record 295 (6): 1006–1016. doi:10.1002/ar.22449. PMID 22467529.
^ Berta, A. and Sumich, J. L. (1999). Marine mammals: evolutionary biology. San Diego, California: Academic Press. p. 494.
^ "eye-tooth". Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford University Press. 1989.
^ The Descent of Man. Charles Darwin. s:Descent of Man/Chapter XVII

External links

Anatomy photo:34:os-0507 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 歯性感染症の疫学、病因、および臨床症状 epidemiology pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of odontogenic infections
2. 歯性感染症の合併症、診断、および治療 complications diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic infections
3. シャルコーマリートゥース病などの一次性の遺伝性運動感覚性ニューロパチー hereditary primary motor sensory neuropathies including charcot marie tooth disease
4. 歯の解剖学的構造および発達 anatomy and development of the teeth
5. 小児における歯の損傷の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of dental injuries in children

English Journal

Fractographic features of glass-ceramic and zirconia-based dental restorations fractured during clinical function.

Oilo M1, Hardang AD, Ulsund AH, Gjerdet NR.Author information 1Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.AbstractFractures during clinical function have been reported as the major concern associated with all-ceramic dental restorations. The aim of this study was to analyze the fracture features of glass-ceramic and zirconia-based restorations fractured during clinical use. Twenty-seven crowns and onlays were supplied by dentists and dental technicians with information about type of cement and time in function, if available. Fourteen lithium disilicate glass-ceramic restorations and 13 zirconia-based restorations were retrieved and analyzed. Fractographic features were examined using optical microscopy to determine crack initiation and crack propagation of the restorations. The material comprised fractured restorations from one canine, 10 incisors, four premolars, and 11 molars. One crown was not categorized because of difficulty in orientation of the fragments. The results revealed that all core and veneer fractures initiated in the cervical margin and usually from the approximal area close to the most coronally placed curvature of the margin. Three cases of occlusal chipping were found. The margin of dental all-ceramic single-tooth restorations was the area of fracture origin. The fracture features were similar for zirconia, glass-ceramic, and alumina single-tooth restorations. Design features seem to be of great importance for fracture initiation.
European journal of oral sciences.Eur J Oral Sci.2014 Apr 4. doi: 10.1111/eos.12127. [Epub ahead of print]
Fractures during clinical function have been reported as the major concern associated with all-ceramic dental restorations. The aim of this study was to analyze the fracture features of glass-ceramic and zirconia-based restorations fractured during clinical use. Twenty-seven crowns and onlays were s
PMID 24698173

Tooth Movement in Orthodontic Treatment with Low-Level Laser Therapy: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies.

Carvalho-Lobato P1, Garcia VJ, Kasem K, Ustrell-Torrent JM, Tallón-Walton V, Manzanares-Céspedes MC.Author information 11 Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, HUBc, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain.AbstractAbstract Objective: This review attempts to organize the existing published literature regarding tooth movement in orthodontic treatment when low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is applied. Background data: The literature discusses different methods that have been developed to motivate the remodeling and decrease the duration of orthodontic treatment. The application of LLLT has been introduced to favor the biomechanics of tooth movements. However there is disagreement between authors as to whether LLLT reduces orthodontic treatment time, and the parameters that are used vary. Materials and methods: Studies in humans and animals in which LLLT was applied to increase the dental movement were reviewed. Three reviewers selected the articles. The resulting studies were analyzed according to the parameters used in the application of laser and existing changes clinically and histopathologically. Results: Out of 84 studies, 5 human studies were selected in which canine traction had been performed after removing a premolar, and 11 studies in rats were selected in which first premolar traction was realized. There were statistically significant changes in four human studies and eight animal studies. Conclusions: Varying the wavelength with a reasonable dose in the target zone leads to obtaining the desired biological effect and achieving a reduction of the orthodontic treatment time, although there are studies that do not demonstrate any benefit according to their values.
Photomedicine and laser surgery.Photomed Laser Surg.2014 Mar 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Objective: This review attempts to organize the existing published literature regarding tooth movement in orthodontic treatment when low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is applied. Background data: The literature discusses different methods that have been developed to motivate the remodeling and
PMID 24628587

Investigation of Maxillofacial Morphology and Dental Development in Hemifacial Microsomia.

Ahiko N, Baba Y, Tsuji M, Suzuki S, Kaneko T, Kindaichi J, Moriyama K.AbstractObjective : Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital anomaly characterized by unilateral underdevelopment of the mandible and ear. This study was conducted to characterize maxillofacial morphology and dental development in Japanese patients with HFM. Design : This is a retrospective hospital-based study. Patients : The subject population comprised 12 boys and 12 girls (average age, 9.3 years) diagnosed with HFM. Main Outcome Measures : We used posteroanterior (PA) and lateral cephalograms obtained at the first visit to analyze maxillofacial morphology and orthopantomograms to compare dental development between the affected and unaffected sides. Dental development was graded according to Nolla's stages of tooth calcification. Results : PA cephalogram analysis showed that the occlusal plane inclined upward on the affected side in each patient. The mandibular body and ramus were smaller on the affected side than on the unaffected side. Lateral cephalogram analysis showed that the patients tended to have steep mandibles, large gonial angles, and a slightly convex facial structure. The affected side/unaffected side ratio of the mandibular body and ramus correlated with SNB, ANB, convexity, and mandibular plane. The difference in dental development between the affected and unaffected sides was significant at the mandibular molars and the mandibular canine. Conclusions : This study demonstrates a correlation between lateral and frontal measurement parameters in patients with HRM. The data also showed delayed calcification in the mandibular molars on the affected side.
The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association.Cleft Palate Craniofac J.2014 Mar 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Objective : Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital anomaly characterized by unilateral underdevelopment of the mandible and ear. This study was conducted to characterize maxillofacial morphology and dental development in Japanese patients with HFM. Design : This is a retrospective hospita
PMID 24617329

Japanese Journal

ボノボの犬歯形態と性的二型

山田博之,濱田穣,石田英實
Anthropological science. Japanese series : the official journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon 121(2), 89-104, 2013-12
NAID 40019924104

A-3 有限要素法によるゴムメタル製矯正スプリングの性能評価(レジン・臨床応用,一般講演(口頭発表),第62回日本歯科理工学会学術講演会)

河村純,小島之夫,福井壽男
日本歯科理工学会誌 32(5), 325, 2013-09-25
… The purpose of this study was to clarify the tooth movement with orthodontic Gummetal springs having low Young's modulus. … Gummetal retraction spring could move the canine in the longest distance by one-time activation, and Gummetal intrusion spring could intrude the premolar quickly. …
NAID 110009674212

カラーアトラス歯の問題を伴う不正咬合の矯正治療(4)移転した上顎犬歯を伴う不正咬合の矯正治療

野嶋邦彦,西井康,末石研二
歯科学報 113(4), 371-373, 2013-08
NAID 40019837336

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「犬歯」「cuspid」「canine teeth」
関連記事	「canine」「too」「tooth」

「犬歯」

Canine tooth
	This dog's longer pointed cuspids or "fangs" show why they are particularly associated with canines.
Details
Latin	dentes canini
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1116
MeSH	A14.549.167.860.200
TA	A05.1.03.005
FMA	55636
	Anatomical terminology