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WordNet

immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies (同)vaccinum
make inactive; "they deactivated the file" (同)deactivate

PrepTutorEJDIC

牛痘種,痘苗(牛痘を起こすビールスで,天然痘予防のために人体に接種される) / (伝染病の病原菌から作った)ワクチン
…‘を'不活発にする / 〈血清など〉‘を'不活性化する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/17 23:05:56」(JST)

wiki en

An inactivated vaccine (or killed vaccine) consists of virus particles which are grown in culture and then killed using a method such as heat or formaldehyde.

Examples

Types include:

viral: polio vaccine (Salk vaccine) and influenza vaccine^[1]
bacterial: typhoid vaccine, cholera vaccine, plague vaccine, and pertussis vaccine^[1]

Inactivated vaccines are contrasted with Attenuated vaccines, or "live" vaccines. Examples of "live" (i.e. attenuated) vaccines include:

Viral: measles vaccine, mumps vaccine, rubella vaccine, chicken pox vaccine, yellow fever vaccine,^[1] and nasal-spray flu vaccine (including the seasonal flu nasal spray and the 2009 H1N1 flu nasal spray). Rabies vaccines are now available in two different attenuated forms, one for use in humans, and one for animal usage.
Bacterial: BCG vaccine,^[1] typhoid vaccine^[2]

Mechanism

The virus particles are destroyed and cannot replicate, but the virus capsid proteins are intact enough to be recognized by the immune system and evoke a response. When manufactured correctly, the vaccine is not infectious, but improper inactivation can result in intact and infectious particles. Since the properly produced vaccine does not reproduce, booster shots are required periodically to reinforce the immune response.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Immunization". http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/immunization-ver2.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
^ Levine MM, Ferreccio C, Black RE, Lagos R, San Martin O, Blackwelder WC (July 2007). "Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine and prevention of paratyphoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B". Clin. Infect. Dis. 45 Suppl 1: S24–8. doi:10.1086/518141?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov. PMID 17582564.

UpToDate Contents

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5. ポリオワクチン poliovirus vaccination

English Journal

Evaluation of the immune response elicited by vaccination with viral vectors encoding FMDV capsid proteins and boosted with inactivated virus.

Romanutti C, D'Antuono A, Palacios C, Quattrocchi V, Zamorano P, La Torre J, Mattion N.SourceCentro de Virología Animal, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2013 Aug 30;165(3-4):333-40. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.04.017. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of introducing a priming step with replication-defective viral vectors encoding the capsid proteins of FMDV, followed by a boost with killed virus vaccines, using a suitable BALB/c mice model. Additionally, the immune response to other combined v
PMID 23683999

Evaluation of an ompA-based phage-mediated DNA vaccine against Chlamydia abortus in piglets.

Ou C, Tian D, Ling Y, Pan Q, He Q, Eko FO, He C.SourceKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
International immunopharmacology.Int Immunopharmacol.2013 Aug;16(4):505-10. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.027. Epub 2013 May 11.
Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes abortion in pigs and poses a zoonotic risk in pregnant women. Although attenuated and inactivated vaccines are available, they do not provide complete protection in animals underlining the need to develop new vaccines.
PMID 23669337

Evaluation of VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity in adults infected with HIV-1 by using a simple IFN-γ release assay.

Watanabe D, Otani N, Suzuki S, Dohi H, Hirota K, Yonemoto H, Koizumi Y, Otera H, Yajima K, Nishida Y, Uehira T, Shima M, Shirasaka T, Okuno T.SourceAIDS Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2013 Aug;85(8):1313-20. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23611. Epub 2013 May 22.
The development of herpes zoster is associated with reduced varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) reactions. In this study, VZV-specific CMI reactions in 42 anti-VZV-IgG antibody-positive adults infected with HIV-1 were evaluated by measuring the IFN-γ production levels i
PMID 23703688

Japanese Journal

2015-2016年シーズンのテストネガティブ症例対照研究によるインフルエンザ4価不活化ワクチンの効果

新潟医学会雑誌 = Niigata medical journal 131(5), 273-289, 2017-05
NAID 40021334104

Negative impact of prior influenza vaccination on current influenza vaccination among people infected and not infected in prior season: A test-negative case-control study in Japan

Vaccine
NAID 120006221106

Potency of an inactivated influenza vaccine prepared from A/duck/Hokkaido/162/2013 (H2N1) against a challenge with A/swine/Missouri/2124514/2006 (H2N3) in mice

Ｔｈｅ　Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｖｅｔｅｒｉｎａｒｙ　Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ, 2017
NAID 130006156730

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「不活化ワクチン」「弱毒ワクチン」「attenuated vaccine」「不活性化ワクチン」
拡張検索	「virus inactivated vaccine」
関連記事	「inactivate」「inactivated」