・酸ヒドロコルチゾン

関: hydrocortisone、hydrocortisone aceponate、hydrocortisone buteprate、hydrocortisone butyrate、hydrocortisone butyrate propionate、hydrocortisone cypionate、hydrocortisone sodium phosphate、hydrocortisone sodium succinate、hydrocortisone succinate

WordNet

a salt or ester of acetic acid (同)ethanoate
an adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism (同)cortisol, Hydrocortone, Cortef

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酢酸(さくさん)塩;アセテート(酢酸人造絹糸)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/21 21:24:19」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Hydrocortisone, sold under the brandname Cortef among others, is the name for the hormone cortisol when supplied as a medication.^[2] Uses includes conditions such as adrenocortical insufficiency, adrenogenital syndrome, high blood calcium, thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, asthma, and COPD.^[1] It is the treatment of choice for adrenocortical insufficiency.^[3] It can be given by mouth or by injection.^[1] After long-term use, if stopped this should be done slowly.^[1]

Side effects may include mood changes, increased risk of infection, and swelling.^[1] With long-term use common side effects include osteoporosis, upset stomach, physical weakness, easy bruising, and yeast infections.^[1] While used, it is unclear if it is safe during pregnancy.^[4] It works as an antiinflammatory and by immune suppression.^[1]

Hydrocortisone was discovered in 1955.^[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.^[6] It is available as a generic medication.^[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.27 USD per day as of 2014 for the form taken by mouth.^[7] In the United States it costs less than 25 USD for a typical month of treatment.^[3]

Pharmacology

Cortisol for injection

Hydrocortisone is the pharmaceutical term for cortisol used in oral administration, intravenous injection, or topical application. It is used as an immunosuppressive drug, given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients needing steroid treatment but unable to take oral medication, and perioperatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent Addisonian crisis. It may also be injected into inflamed joints resulting from diseases such as gout.

Compared to hydrocortisone, prednisolone is about four times as strong and dexamethasone about forty times as strong, in their anti-inflammatory effect.^[8] Prednisolone can also be used as cortisol replacement, and at replacement dose levels (rather than anti-inflammatory levels), prednisolone is about eight times more potent than cortisol.^[9] For side effects, see corticosteroid and prednisolone.

It may be used topically for allergic rashes, eczema, psoriasis, itching and other inflammatory skin conditions. Topical hydrocortisone creams and ointments are available in most countries without prescription in strengths ranging from 0.05% to 2.5% (depending on local regulations) with stronger forms available by prescription only. Covering the skin after application increases the absorption and effect. Such enhancement is sometimes prescribed, but otherwise should be avoided to prevent overdose and systemic impact.

Protein binding

Most serum cortisol (all but about 4%) is bound to proteins, including corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) and serum albumin. Free cortisol passes easily through cellular membranes, where they bind intracellular cortisol receptors.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Hydrocortisone". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. February 9, 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^ Becker, Kenneth L. (2001). Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 762. ISBN 9780781717502.
^ ^a ^b Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 202. ISBN 9781284057560.
^ "Hydrocortisone Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
^ Walker, S. R. (2012). Trends and Changes in Drug Research and Development. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 109. ISBN 9789400926592.
^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ "Hydrocortisone". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
^ "Dexamethasone". drugs.com. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
^ Caldato, Milena C. F.; Fernandes, Vânia T.; Kater, Claudio E. (2004-10-01). "One-year clinical evaluation of single morning dose prednisolone therapy for 21-hydroxylase deficiency". Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia. 48 (5): 705–712. doi:10.1590/S0004-27302004000500017. ISSN 0004-2730. PMID 15761542.
^ Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2011). Medical Physiology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4377-1753-5.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における単一恐怖に対する薬物療法 pharmacotherapy for specific phobia in adults
2. ACTHおよびコルチゾール分泌の生理学 physiology of acth and cortisol secretion
3. 胸腺神経内分泌（カルチノイド）腫瘍 thymic neuroendocrine carcinoid tumors
4. 血清および唾液中のコルチゾールの測定 measurement of cortisol in serum and saliva
5. 敗血症性ショックのステロイド療法 corticosteroid therapy in septic shock

English Journal

Growth and reproductive development of male piglets are more vulnerable to mid-gestation maternal stress than that of female piglets.

Mack LA1, Lay DC Jr, Eicher SD, Johnson AK, Richert BT, Pajor EA.Author information 1Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.AbstractIn many mammalian species, prenatal stress masculinizes female and feminizes male offspring impairing their reproductive capacity. Regrouping gestating sows is a common, stressful production practice, but its impact on the sow's developing pigs is not fully known. This study examined the effects of regrouping gestating sows and the administration of exogenous glucocorticoids on the growth and external reproductive morphology of pigs. At 37.2 ± 0.26 d of gestation, 6 cohorts of 18 sows (N = 108) were placed in 1 of 3 treatments: socially stable (Stable), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA), or mixed (Mixed). The HCA sows were administered 70 mg HCA, a synthetic glucocorticoid, twice daily during the 21 d experimental period. Each Mixed sow was penned with 2 companion sows (Companion) and regrouped on d 7 and 14 with 2 different Companion sows in a new pen. Stable and HCA sows were penned in treatment groups of 3 sows. Sow social rank was assessed weekly during feeding. After the 21 d experimental period, all sows were housed in gestation stalls for the duration of pregnancy. During the 21 d, Companion sows gained more weight than HCA and Mixed sows (P < 0.05) with Stable sows intermediate. High ranked sows gained more weight than middle and low ranked sows (P < 0.05). Mixed sows had greater head lesion scores than Stable and HCA sows (P < 0.05) with Companion sows intermediate. Head lesions increased with lower social rank (P < 0.001). Sow treatment did not affect farrowing rate, litter size, or sex ratio (P > 0.10). Social rank also had no effect on farrowing rate (P > 0.10), but affected total litter size (P = 0.03). High ranked sows bore and weaned more live females than low ranked sows (P < 0.05), in part due to differential preweaning mortality among female pigs (P = 0.01). Only male pigs were affected by sow treatment. Preweaning mortality was higher among male pigs from HCA than from Mixed sows (P = 0.04) with other treatments intermediate. Despite no weight differences in the preweaning period, at 160 d of age males from HCA sows weighed more than males from Stable sows (P = 0.01) with other treatments intermediate. Males born to Companion sows had longer relative anogenital distances, a marker of fetal testosterone exposure, than males from Mixed sows (P = 0.03) with other treatments intermediate. The prenatal environment affected the pigs in a sex-specific manner altering the growth and reproductive morphology of the males more than that of the females.
Journal of animal science.J Anim Sci.2014 Jan 7. [Epub ahead of print]
In many mammalian species, prenatal stress masculinizes female and feminizes male offspring impairing their reproductive capacity. Regrouping gestating sows is a common, stressful production practice, but its impact on the sow's developing pigs is not fully known. This study examined the effects of
PMID 24398844

Degradation of corticosteroids during activated sludge processing.

Miyamoto A1, Kitaichi Y, Uchikura K.Author information 1School of Pharmacy, Nihon University.AbstractLaboratory tests of the decomposition of corticosteroids during activated sludge processing were investigated. Corticosteroid standards were added to activated sludge, and aliquots were regularly taken for analysis. The corticosteroids were extracted from the samples using a solid-phase extraction method and analyzed LC-MS. Ten types of corticosteroids were measured and roughly classified into three groups: 1) prednisolone, triamcinolone, betamethasone, prednisolone acetate, and hydrocortisone acetate, which decomposed within 4 h; 2) flunisolide, betamethasone valerate, and budesonide of which more than 50% remained after 4 h, but almost all of which decomposed within 24 h; and 3) triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone acetonide of which more than 50% remained after 24 h. The decomposed ratio was correlated with each corticosteroid's Log P, especially groups 2) and 3).
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo).2014;62(1):72-6.
Laboratory tests of the decomposition of corticosteroids during activated sludge processing were investigated. Corticosteroid standards were added to activated sludge, and aliquots were regularly taken for analysis. The corticosteroids were extracted from the samples using a solid-phase extraction m
PMID 24390495

Validation of a thin-layer chromatography for the determination of hydrocortisone acetate and lidocaine in a pharmaceutical preparation.

Dołowy M, Kulpińska-Kucia K, Pyka A.Author information Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, PL-4 Jagiellońska Street, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.AbstractA new specific, precise, accurate, and robust TLC-densitometry has been developed for the simultaneous determination of hydrocortisone acetate and lidocaine hydrochloride in combined pharmaceutical formulation. The chromatographic analysis was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of chloroform + acetone + ammonia (25%) in volume composition 8 : 2 : 0.1 and silica gel 60F254 plates. Densitometric detection was performed in UV at wavelengths 200 nm and 250 nm, respectively, for lidocaine hydrochloride and hydrocortisone acetate. The validation of the proposed method was performed in terms of specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, and robustness. The applied TLC procedure is linear in hydrocortisone acetate concentration range of 3.75 ÷ 12.50 μ g·spot(-1), and from 1.00 ÷ 2.50 μ g·spot(-1) for lidocaine hydrochloride. The developed method was found to be accurate (the value of the coefficient of variation CV [%] is less than 3%), precise (CV [%] is less than 2%), specific, and robust. LOQ of hydrocortisone acetate is 0.198 μ g·spot(-1) and LOD is 0.066 μ g·spot(-1). LOQ and LOD values for lidocaine hydrochloride are 0.270 and 0.090 μ g·spot(-1), respectively. The assay value of both bioactive substances is consistent with the limits recommended by Pharmacopoeia.
TheScientificWorldJournal.ScientificWorldJournal.2014 Jan 6;2014:107879. doi: 10.1155/2014/107879. eCollection 2014.
A new specific, precise, accurate, and robust TLC-densitometry has been developed for the simultaneous determination of hydrocortisone acetate and lidocaine hydrochloride in combined pharmaceutical formulation. The chromatographic analysis was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of chlorofor
PMID 24526880

Japanese Journal

Degradation of Corticosteroids during Activated Sludge Processing

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 62(1), 72-76, 2014
NAID 130003381810

Determination of Selected Corticosteroids in Sewage-treatment-plant Samples by Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry

Journal of Health Science 56(5), 547-556, 2010
NAID 130000425090

吉草酸酢酸プレドニゾロンによる接触皮膚炎の１例

皮膚の科学 4(2), 111-115, 2005
NAID 130004547109

「hydrocortisone buteprate」

Hydrocortisone
Clinical data
Trade names	Cortef, Solu-Cortef, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682206
License data	US FDA: Hydrocortisone;
Pregnancy; category	AU: A; US: C (Risk not ruled out); ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth (tablets), intravenous, topical, rectal
ATC code	A01AC03 (WHO) A07EA02 (WHO) C05AA01 (WHO) D07AA02 (WHO) H02AB09 (WHO) S01BA02 (WHO) S02BA01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: Pharmacist only; UK: POM (Prescription only); US: OTC for topical administration; Rx-only for oral tablets, rectal use and intravenous therapy;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (11β)-11,17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione;
CAS Number	50-23-7
PubChem (CID)	5754
DrugBank	DB00741
ChemSpider	5551
UNII	WI4X0X7BPJ
KEGG	D00088
ChEBI	CHEBI:17650
ChEMBL	CHEMBL389621
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H30O5
Molar mass	362.460 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
	SMILES O=C4\C=C2/[C@]([C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@]3([C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC2)C)(C)CC4 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C21H30O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1 ; Key:JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N ;
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　　[★]

ヒドロコルチゾンブテプレート

関: cortisol、hydrocortisone、hydrocortisone aceponate、hydrocortisone acetate、hydrocortisone butyrate、hydrocortisone butyrate propionate、hydrocortisone cypionate、hydrocortisone sodium phosphate、hydrocortisone sodium succinate、hydrocortisone succinate

「hydrocortisone sodium phosphate」

　　[★]

リン酸ヒドロコルチゾンナトリウム

関: cortisol、hydrocortisone、hydrocortisone aceponate、hydrocortisone acetate、hydrocortisone buteprate、hydrocortisone butyrate、hydrocortisone butyrate propionate、hydrocortisone cypionate、hydrocortisone sodium succinate、hydrocortisone succinate

「hydrocortisone succinate」

　　[★]

コハク酸ヒドロコルチゾン

関: cortisol、hydrocortisone、hydrocortisone aceponate、hydrocortisone acetate、hydrocortisone buteprate、hydrocortisone butyrate、hydrocortisone butyrate propionate、hydrocortisone cypionate、hydrocortisone sodium phosphate、hydrocortisone sodium succinate

「hydrocortisone aceponate」

　　[★]

ヒドロコルチゾンアセ・ネート

関: hydrocortisone、hydrocortisone acetate、hydrocortisone buteprate、hydrocortisone butyrate、hydrocortisone butyrate propionate、hydrocortisone cypionate、hydrocortisone sodium phosphate、hydrocortisone sodium succinate、hydrocortisone succinate

「hydrocortisone cypionate」

　　[★]

シピオン酸ヒドロコルチゾン

関: hydrocortisone、hydrocortisone aceponate、hydrocortisone acetate、hydrocortisone buteprate、hydrocortisone butyrate、hydrocortisone butyrate propionate、hydrocortisone sodium phosphate、hydrocortisone sodium succinate、hydrocortisone succinate

「hydrocortisone」

　　[★] ヒドロコルチゾン　

[AHFS2016-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Hydrocortisone". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. February 9, 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2016.

[2] Becker, Kenneth L. (2001). Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 762. ISBN 9780781717502.

[Ric2015-3] Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 202. ISBN 9781284057560.

[4] "Hydrocortisone Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Retrieved 1 September 2016.

[Wal2012-5] Walker, S. R. (2012). Trends and Changes in Drug Research and Development. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 109. ISBN 9789400926592.

[WHO19th-6] "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[7] "Hydrocortisone". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 1 September 2016.

[Dexamethasone-8] "Dexamethasone". drugs.com. Retrieved 14 June 2013.

[9] Caldato, Milena C. F.; Fernandes, Vânia T.; Kater, Claudio E. (2004-10-01). "One-year clinical evaluation of single morning dose prednisolone therapy for 21-hydroxylase deficiency". Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia. 48 (5): 705–712. doi:10.1590/S0004-27302004000500017. ISSN 0004-2730. PMID 15761542.

[isbn1-4377-1753-5-10] Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2011). Medical Physiology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4377-1753-5.

リンク元	「hydrocortisone buteprate」「hydrocortisone sodium phosphate」「hydrocortisone succinate」「hydrocortisone aceponate」「hydrocortisone cypionate」
関連記事	「hydrocortisone」

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案内

hydrocortisone acetate