関: hydrobromic acid、hydrogen bromide

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/07 08:00:03」(JST)

wiki en

Hydrobromic acid is a strong acid formed by dissolving the diatomic molecule hydrogen bromide (HBr) in water. "Constant boiling" hydrobromic acid is an aqueous solution that distills at 124.3 °C and contains 47.6% HBr by weight, which is 8.89 mol/L. Hydrobromic acid has a pK_a of −9, making it a stronger acid than hydrochloric acid, but not as strong as hydroiodic acid. Hydrobromic acid is one of the strongest mineral acids known.

Uses

Hydrobromic acid is mainly used for the production of inorganic bromides, especially the bromides of zinc, calcium, and sodium. It is a useful reagent for generating organobromine compounds. Certain ethers are cleaved with HBr. It also catalyzes alkylation reactions and the extraction of certain ores. Industrially significant organic compounds prepared from hydrobromic acid include allyl bromide, tetrabromobis(phenol), and bromoacetic acid.^[2]

Synthesis

Hydrobromic acid can be prepared in the laboratory via the reaction of Br₂, SO₂, and water.^[3]

Br₂ + SO₂ + 2 H₂O → H₂SO₄ + 2 HBr

More typically laboratory preparations involve the production of anhydrous HBr, which is then dissolved in water.

Hydrobromic acid has commonly been prepared industrially by reacting bromine with either sulfur or phosphorus and water. However, it can also be produced electrolytically.^[3] It can also be prepared by treating bromides with non-oxidising acids like phosphoric or acetic acids.

Alternatively the acid can be prepared with dilute (5.8M) sulfuric acid and potassium bromide:^[4]

H₂SO₄ + KBr → KHSO₄ + HBr

Using more concentrated sulfuric acid or allowing the reaction solution to exceed 75 °C further oxidizes HBr to bromine gas. The acid is further purified by filtering out the KHSO₄ and by distilling off the water until the solution reaches an azeotrope (≈ 126 °C at 760 torr). The yield is approximately 85%.^[4]

Hydrobromic acid is available commercially in various concentrations and purities.

References

^ Bell, R.P. The Proton in Chemistry, 2nd ed., Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1973.
^ Dagani, M. J.; Barda, H. J.; Benya, T. J.; Sanders, D. C. (2005), "Bromine Compounds", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_405
^ ^a ^b Scott, A. (1900). "Preparation of Pure Hydrobromic Acid". Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions 77: 648–651. doi:10.1039/ct9007700648.
^ ^a ^b Brauer, Georg (1963). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry Vol. 1, 2nd Ed. Newyork: Academic Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0121266011.

External links

Media related to Hydrogen bromide at Wikimedia Commons

International Chemical Safety Card 0282
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Carlin, W. W. U.S. Patent 4,147,601

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ガランタミン：医薬品情報 galantamine drug information
2. デキストロメトルファン乱用および中毒：臨床的特徴および診断 dextromethorphan abuse and poisoning clinical features and diagnosis
3. ヒドロキシアンフェタミンおよびトロピカミド：医薬品情報 hydroxyamphetamine and tropicamide drug information
4. 緩和ケア：人生最後の数時間 palliative care the last hours and days of life
5. エキノコックス症の疫学および制御 epidemiology and control of echinococcosis

English Journal

Optogenetic versus electrical stimulation of dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens reveals local modulation of presynaptic release.

Melchior JR1, Ferris MJ1, Stuber GD2, Riddle DR3, Jones SR1.
Journal of neurochemistry.J Neurochem.2015 Sep;134(5):833-44. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13177. Epub 2015 Jun 19.
The nucleus accumbens is highly heterogeneous, integrating regionally distinct afferent projections and accumbal interneurons, resulting in diverse local microenvironments. Dopamine (DA) neuron terminals similarly express a heterogeneous collection of terminal receptors that modulate DA signaling. C
PMID 26011081

Animal models of Parkinson׳s disease: Effects of two adenosine A2A receptor antagonists ST4206 and ST3932, metabolites of 2-n-Butyl-9-methyl-8-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-9H-purin-6-ylamine (ST1535).

Stasi MA1, Minetti P2, Lombardo K2, Riccioni T2, Caprioli A2, Vertechy M2, Di Serio S2, Pace S2, Borsini F2.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2015 Aug 15;761:353-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.070. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
Antagonism of the adenosine A2A receptor represents a promising strategy for non-dopaminergic treatment of Parkinson׳s disease (PD). Previously, the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ST1535 was shown to possess potential beneficial effects in animal models of PD. Two metabolites of ST1535, namely S
PMID 25936513

Disinhibition reduces extracellular glutamine and elevates extracellular glutamate in rat hippocampus in vivo.

Kanamori K1.
Epilepsy research.Epilepsy Res.2015 Aug;114:32-46. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.03.009. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
Disinhibition was induced in the hippocampal CA1/CA3 region of normal adult rats by unilateral perfusion of the GABAAR antagonist, 4-[6-imino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridazin-1-yl] butanoic acid hydrobromide (gabazine), or a GABABR antagonist, p-(3-aminopropyl)-p-diethoxymethyl-phosphinic acid (CGP 3534
PMID 26088883

Japanese Journal

臭素化処理による銅金属表面への酸化耐性の付与と接触抵抗への影響

Journal of MMIJ 132(2), 39-46, 2016
NAID 130005125983

NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 1,2-DIHYDRO-4H-3,1-BENZOXAZINE-4-THIONES BY THE REACTION OF NEWSYNTHESIZED METHYL DITHIOANTHRANILATE HYDROBROMIDE WITH CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND THE SYNTHESIS OF ANOTHER NEW CLASS OF 1,2-DIHYDRO-4H-3,1-BENZOTHIAZINE-4-THIONES FROM THE SAME REACTANTS IN THE PRESENCE OF EXCESS SODIUM HYDROGENSULFIDE

Heterocycles : an international journal for reviews and communications in heterocyclic chemistry 91(12), 2327-2342, 2015-12-01
NAID 40020709516

Effects of arecoline on hepatic cytochrome P450 activity and oxidative stress

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences 39(4), 609-614, 2014
NAID 130004904008

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「臭化水素酸」「hydrobromic acid」「hydrogen bromide」
拡張検索	「scopolamine hydrobromide」「darifenacin hydrobromide」「fenoterol hydrobromide」「galantamine hydrobromide」

「臭化水素酸」

Hydrobromic acid
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	10035-10-6
ChEBI	CHEBI:47266
ChemSpider	255
EC number	233-113-0
	InChI InChI=1S/BrH/h1H ; Key: CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/BrH/h1H; Key: CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYAZ ;
Jmol-3D images	Image
PubChem	260
RTECS number	MW3850000
	SMILES Br ;
Properties
Chemical formula	HBr
Molar mass	80.91
Appearance	colorless/faint yellow liquid
Odor	acrid
Density	1.49 g/cm3 (48% w/w aq.)
Melting point	−11 °C (12 °F; 262 K) (47–49% w/w aq.)
Boiling point	122 °C (252 °F; 395 K) at 700 mmHg (47–49% w/w aq.)
Solubility in water	221 g/100 mL (0 °C); 204 g/100 mL (15 °C); 130 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	−9
Viscosity	0.84 cP (-75 °C)
Thermochemistry
Specific; heat capacity (C)	29.1 J/K mol
Std molar; entropy (So298)	198.7 J/K mol
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfHo298)	-36.3 kJ/mol
Hazards
SDS	ICSC 0282
EU Index	035-002-01-8
EU classification	Corrosive (C)
R-phrases	R34, R37
S-phrases	(S1/2), S7/9, S26, S45
NFPA 704	0 3 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Hydrofluoric acid; Hydrochloric acid; Hydroiodic acid
Related compounds	Hydrogen bromide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is: /?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: hydrobromic acid、hydrobromide、hydrogen bromide

「hydrobromic acid」

　　[★]

臭化水素酸

関: hydrobromide、hydrogen bromide

「hydrogen bromide」

　　[★]

臭化水素酸

関: hydrobromic acid、hydrobromide

「scopolamine hydrobromide」

　　[★] スコポラミン。臭化水素酸スコポラミン

関: ヒヨスチン hyoscine

「darifenacin hydrobromide」

　　[★]

臭化水素酸ダリフェナシン

関: darifenacin

「fenoterol hydrobromide」

　　[★]

臭化水素酸フェノテロール

関: fenoterol

「galantamine hydrobromide」

　　[★] 臭化水素酸ガランタミン

[1] Bell, R.P. The Proton in Chemistry, 2nd ed., Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1973.

[2] Dagani, M. J.; Barda, H. J.; Benya, T. J.; Sanders, D. C. (2005), "Bromine Compounds", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_405

[scott-3] Scott, A. (1900). "Preparation of Pure Hydrobromic Acid". Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions 77: 648–651. doi:10.1039/ct9007700648.

[Georg-4] Brauer, Georg (1963). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry Vol. 1, 2nd Ed. Newyork: Academic Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0121266011.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

hydrobromide