WordNet

receive an academic degree upon completion of ones studies; "She graduated in 1990"
a measuring instrument for measuring fluid volume; a glass container (cup or cylinder or flask) whose sides are marked with or divided into amounts
of or relating to studies beyond a bachelors degree; "graduate courses" (同)postgraduate
confer an academic degree upon; "This school graduates 2,000 students each year"
a solid bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel planes (the bases)
a surface generated by rotating a parallel line around a fixed line
a chamber within which piston moves (同)piston chamber
a cylindrical container for oxygen or compressed air

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…を)『卒業する』《『from』+『名』》 / (…から…に)除々に変わる《+『from』+『名』+『into』(『to』)+『名』》 / 《文》《おもに米》〈学校が〉…‘を'『卒業させる』 / …‘を'段階に分ける / 〈計器など〉‘に'目盛りをつける / 『卒業生』 / 学校を卒業した;大学卒業生のための,大学院の
円柱,円筒;円柱形の物 / シリンダー,気筒

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/15 21:39:34」(JST)

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Two graduated cylinders

A graduated cylinder, measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder is a piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid. Graduated cylinders are generally more accurate and precise than laboratory flasks and beakers. However, they are less accurate and precise than volumetric glassware, such as a volumetric flask or volumetric pipette. For these reasons, graduated cylinders should not be used to perform volumetric analysis.^[1] Graduated cylinders are sometimes used to indirectly measure the volume of a solid by measuring the displacement of a liquid.

Often, the largest graduated cylinders are made of polypropylene for its excellent chemical resistance or polymethylpentene for its transparency, making them lighter and less fragile than glass. Polypropylene (PP) is easy to repeatedly autoclave; however, autoclaving in excess of about 130 °C (266 °F) (depending on the chemical formulation: typical commercial grade polypropylene melts in excess of 160 °C (320 °F)),can warp or damage polypropylene graduated cylinders, affecting accuracy.

A traditional graduated cylinder (A in the image) is usually narrow and high (so as to increase the accuracy and precision of volume measurement) and has a plastic or glass bottom and a "spout" for easy pouring from the measured liquid. An additional version is wide and low. Other type of cylinders (B in the picture) have ground glass joints instead of a "spout", so that they can be closed with a stopper or connect directly with other elements of a manifold; they are also known as mixing cylinders. ^[2] With this kind of cylinder, the metered liquid does not pour directly, but is often removed using a cannula. A graduated cylinder is meant to be read with the surface of the liquid at eye level, where the center of the meniscus shows the measurement line. Typical capacities of graduated cylinders are between 5 ml and 2000 ml.

Gallery[edit]

Graduated cylinder. The ring at top is used to prevent breakage if knocked over
Another illustration

References[edit]

^ Pradyot Patnaik (2003). "Specifications for volumetric ware". Dean's Handbook of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0071410601.
^ http://www.elementalscientific.net/store/scripts/prodView.asp?idproduct=1239

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