WordNet

a solid bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel planes (the bases)
a surface generated by rotating a parallel line around a fixed line
a chamber within which piston moves (同)piston chamber
a cylindrical container for oxygen or compressed air

PrepTutorEJDIC

円柱,円筒;円柱形の物 / シリンダー,気筒

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/25 15:41:55」(JST)

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Two graduated cylinders

A graduated cylinder, measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder is a piece of laboratory equipment used to accurately measure the volume of a liquid. Water displacement can be used to find out the volume of a solid. Graduated cylinders are generally more accurate and precise for this purpose than flasks and beakers. However, when it comes to volumetric analysis, the accuracy of a graduated cylinder is not sufficient, and a pipette is used instead.^[1]

Often, the largest graduated cylinders are made of polypropylene for its excellent chemical resistance or polymethylpentene for its transparency, making them lighter and less fragile than glass. Polypropylene (PP) is easy to repeatedly autoclave; however, autoclaving in excess of about 130 °C (266 °F) (depending on the chemical formulation: typical commercial grade polypropylene melts in excess of 160 °C (320 °F)),can warp or damage polypropylene graduated cylinders, affecting accuracy.

A traditional graduated cylinder (A in the image) is usually narrow and high (so as to increase the accuracy of volume measurement) and has a plastic or glass bottom and a "spout" for easy pouring from the measured liquid. An additional version is wide and low. Other type of cylinders (B in the picture) have ground glass joints instead of a "spout", so that they can be closed with a stopper or connect directly with other elements of a manifold; they are also known as mixing cylinders. ^[2] With this kind of cylinder, the metered liquid does not pour directly, but is often removed using a cannula. A graduated cylinder is meant to be read with the surface of the liquid at eye level, where the center of the meniscus shows the measurement line. Typically the accuracy of the graduated cylinder is +/-0.05 mL. The measuring cylinder is normally and most commonly used in laboratories or middle and high school science classes. The usual capacities are 5 ml up to 2000 ml.

Gallery

Graduated cylinder. The ring at top is used to prevent breakage if knocked over
Another illustration

References

^ Pradyot Patnaik (2003). "Specifications for volumetric ware". Dean's Handbook of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0071410601.
^ http://www.elementalscientific.net/store/scripts/prodView.asp?idproduct=1239

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Salchow DJ, Marcus I, Golembeski TJ, Wang X, Li F.SourceDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Electronic address: daniel.salchow@charite.de.
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Comparison of methodologies in volumetric orbitometry.

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Single-camera microscopic stereo digital image correlation using a diffraction grating.

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NAID 130004494226