WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
a drinking glass with a base and stem

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
ゴブレット(長い足つきの杯(グラス))

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/11 20:22:36」(JST)

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Goblet cells are glandular simple columnar epithelial cells whose function is to secrete gel forming mucins, which are the major component of mucus. They use both apocrine and merocrine methods for secretion.

The majority of the cell's cytoplasm is occupied by mucinogen granules, except at the bottom, where rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, the nucleus, and other organelles are concentrated. The apical plasma membrane projects microvilli to increase surface area for secretion.

Etymology

The term goblet refers to these cells' goblet-like shape. The apical portion is shaped like a cup, as it is distended by abundant mucinogen granules; its basal portion is shaped like a stem, as it is narrow for lack of these granules.

There are other cells that secrete mucus (as in the foveolar cells of the stomach^[1]), but they are not usually called "goblet cells" because they do not have this distinctive shape.

Locations

They are found scattered among the epithelial lining of organs, such as the intestinal and respiratory tracts.^[2] They are found inside the trachea, bronchus, and larger bronchioles in respiratory tract, small intestines, the colon, and conjunctiva in the upper eyelid.(Goblet cells are the chief source of tear mucus. These occur throughout the conjunctiva, especially the plica semilunaris. These are most dense in nasal conjunctiva, least dense in upper temporal fornix and absent in palpebral mucocutaneous junction and limbus.)

They may be an indication of metaplasia, such as in Barrett's esophagus.

Histology

In mucicarmine stains, deep red mucin found within goblet cell bodies.

The nuclei of goblet cells tend to be displaced toward the basal end of the cell body, leading to intense basophilic staining.

Types of secretion

Basal secretion

This is the normal base level secretion of mucus, which is accomplished by cytoskeletal movement of secretory granules.

Stimulated secretion

Secretion may be stimulated by dust, smoke, etc.

Other stimuli include viruses, bacteria, etc.

Function

Their main function is to secrete mucus in order to protect the mucosae where they are found. They also have a role in immunological oral tolerance.

Role in oral tolerance

Oral tolerance is the process by which the immune system is prevented from responding to antigen derived from food products, as peptides from food may pass into the bloodstream via the gut, which would in theory lead to an immune response. A recent paper published in Nature, has shed some light on the process and implicated goblet cells as having a role in the process.^[3] It was known that CD103 expressing dendritic cells of the lamina propria had a role to play in the induction of oral tolerance (potentially by inducing the differentiation of regulatory T cells), and this paper suggests that the goblet cells act to preferentially deliver antigen to these CD103⁺ dendritic cells.^[3]

References

^ Histology image:11303loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732. - Digestive System: Alimentary Canal: fundic stomach, gastric glands, lumen"
^ "goblet cell" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ ^a ^b McDole et al. (2012). "Goblet cells deliver luminal antigen to CD103+ dendritic cells in the small intestine". Nature 483 (7389): 345–349. doi:10.1038/nature10863. PMC 3313460. PMID 22422267.

Additional images

An intestinal gland from the human intestine.
Goblet cell in ileum
section of mouse intestine. Mucus of goblet cells in blue.
Section of mucous membrane of human stomach, near the cardiac orifice. X 45.
c. Cardiac glands.
d. Their ducts.
cr. Gland similar to the intestinal glands, with goblet cells.
mm. Mucous membrane.
m. Muscularis mucosae.
m’. Muscular tissue within the mucous membrane.

External links

Histology at KUMC epithel-epith08 "Slide 8: Trachea"
Goblet+cell at eMedicine Dictionary
Goblet Cells at cvmbs.colostate.edu
Diagram at uwlax.edu

UpToDate Contents

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1. 虫垂癌および腹膜偽粘液腫 cancer of the appendix and pseudomyxoma peritonei

English Journal

Airway epithelial cells-Functional links between CFTR and anoctamin dependent Cl(-) secretion.

Kunzelmann K, Tian Y, Martins JR, Faria D, Kongsuphol P, Ousingsawat J, Wolf L, Schreiber R.SourceInstitut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. Electronic address: karl.kunzelmann@vkl.uni-regensburg.de.
The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.Int J Biochem Cell Biol.2012 Nov;44(11):1897-900. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.011. Epub 2012 Jun 16.
Airways consist of a heterogeneous population of cells, comprising ciliated cells, Clara cells and goblet cells. Electrolyte secretion by the airways is necessary to produce the airway surface liquid that allows for mucociliary clearance of the lungs. Secretion is driven by opening of Cl(-) selectiv
PMID 22710346

Foxm1 transcription factor is critical for proliferation and differentiation of Clara cells during development of conducting airways.

Ustiyan V, Wert SE, Ikegami M, Wang IC, Kalin TV, Whitsett JA, Kalinichenko VV.SourceDivision of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Developmental biology.Dev Biol.2012 Oct 15;370(2):198-212. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.07.028. Epub 2012 Aug 2.
Respiratory epithelial cells are derived from cell progenitors in the foregut endoderm that subsequently differentiate into the distinct cell types lining the conducting and alveolar regions of the lung. To identify transcriptional mechanisms regulating differentiation and maintenance of respiratory
PMID 22885335

Japanese Journal

症例虫垂炎穿孔による膜膜炎で発症した虫垂杯細胞カルチノイドの1例

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外科 = Surgey : 臨床雑誌 76(10), 1173-1176, 2014-10
NAID 40020215501

Anatomy : Peculiar Composition of Epithelial Cells in Follicle-Associated Intestinal Crypts of Peyer's Patches in the Rat Small Intestine

MANTANI Youhei,YUASA Hideto,NISHIDA Miho [他]
The journal of veterinary medical science 76(6), 833-838, 2014-06
NAID 40020140984

症例急性虫垂憩室穿孔で発症した虫垂杯細胞カルチノイドの1例

吉見育馬,濱洲晋哉,神頭聡 [他]
外科 = Surgey : 臨床雑誌 76(1), 93-96, 2014-01
NAID 40019926572

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「杯細胞」「杯状細胞」
拡張検索	「goblet cell carcinoid」
関連記事	「cell」

「杯細胞」

Goblet cell
	Schematic illustration of a goblet cell in close up, illustrating different internal structures of the cell.
	Transverse section of a villus, from the human intestine. X 350.; a. Basement membrane, here somewhat shrunken away from the epithelium.; b. Lacteal.; c. Columnar epithelium.; d. Its striated border.; e. Goblet cells.; f. Leucocytes in epithelium.; f’. Leucocytes below epithelium.; g. Blood vessels.; h. Muscle cells cut across.
Latin	exocrimohsinocytus caliciformis
Code	TH H3.04.03.0.00009;; H3.04.03.0.00016; H3.05.00.0.00006
	Anatomical terminology