WordNet

a crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins; important in protein metabolism

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1. 成人における単極性うつ病：疫学、病因、および神経生物学 unipolar depression in adults epidemiology pathogenesis and neurobiology
2. 癌患者における経口栄養補給および経口／経腸栄養補給の役割 the role of parenteral and enteral oral nutritional support in patients with cancer
3. 重症患者における栄養補給：非経口的栄養 nutrition support in critically ill patients parenteral nutrition
4. 造血細胞移植後の肝類洞閉塞症候群の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome following hematopoietic cell transplantation
5. 重症患者における栄養補給：経腸栄養 nutrition support in critically ill patients enteral nutrition

English Journal

Effects of acute phencyclidine administration on arginine metabolism in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in rats.

Knox LT1, Jing Y1, Collie ND1, Zhang H2, Liu P3.Author information 1Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.2School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.3Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: ping.liu@otago.ac.nz.AbstractPhencyclidine (PCP), a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist, induces schizophrenic symptoms in healthy individuals, and altered arginine metabolism has been implicated in schizophrenia. The present study investigated the effects of a single subcutaneous injection of PCP (2, 5 or 10 mg/kg) on arginine metabolism in the sub-regions of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in male young adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals' general behaviour was assessed in the open field apparatus 30 min after the treatment, and the brain tissues were collected at the time point of 60 min post-treatment. Behaviourally, PCP resulted in reduced exploratory activity in a dose-dependent manner, and severe stereotype behaviour and ataxia at the highest dose. Neurochemically, PCP significantly altered the nitric oxide synthase and arginase activities, the l-arginine, agmatine, spermine, glutamate and GABA levels, and the glutamine/glutamate and glutamate/GABA ratios in a dose-dependent and/or region-specific manner. Cluster analyses showed that l-arginine and its main metabolites l-citrulline, l-ornithine and agmatine formed distinct groups, which changed as a function of PCP mainly in the hippocampus. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant neurochemical-behavioural correlations. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that a single acute administration of PCP affects animals' behaviour and arginine metabolism in the brain.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2014 Jun;81:195-205. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.02.004. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
Phencyclidine (PCP), a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist, induces schizophrenic symptoms in healthy individuals, and altered arginine metabolism has been implicated in schizophrenia. The present study investigated the effects of a single subcutaneous injection of PCP
PMID 24534111

Is L-glutathione more effective than L-glutamine in preventing enteric diabetic neuropathy?

Hermes-Uliana C1, Panizzon CP, Trevizan AR, Sehaber CC, Ramalho FV, Martins HA, Zanoni JN.Author information 1Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.AbstractBACKGROUND: Diabetes and its complications appear to be multifactorial. Substances with antioxidant potential have been used to protect enteric neurons in experimental diabetes.
Digestive diseases and sciences.Dig Dis Sci.2014 May;59(5):937-48. doi: 10.1007/s10620-013-2993-2. Epub 2013 Dec 27.
BACKGROUND: Diabetes and its complications appear to be multifactorial. Substances with antioxidant potential have been used to protect enteric neurons in experimental diabetes.AIM: This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with L-glutamine and L-glutathione on enteric neurons in the jejun
PMID 24370785

CTP synthase forms cytoophidia in the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Gou KM1, Chang CC2, Shen QJ3, Sung LY4, Liu JL5.Author information 1MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.2Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.3MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.4Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: liyingsung@ntu.edu.tw.5MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK. Electronic address: jilong.liu@dpag.ox.ac.uk.AbstractCTP synthase is an essential metabolic enzyme responsible for the de novo synthesis of CTP. Multiple studies have recently showed that CTP synthase protein molecules form filamentous structures termed cytoophidia or CTP synthase filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, as well as in bacteria. Here we report that CTP synthase can form cytoophidia not only in the cytoplasm, but also in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Both glutamine deprivation and glutamine analog treatment promote formation of cytoplasmic cytoophidia (C-cytoophidia) and nuclear cytoophidia (N-cytoophidia). N-cytoophidia are generally shorter and thinner than their cytoplasmic counterparts. In mammalian cells, both CTP synthase 1 and CTP synthase 2 can form cytoophidia. Using live imaging, we have observed that both C-cytoophidia and N-cytoophidia undergo multiple rounds of fusion upon glutamine analog treatment. Our study reveals the coexistence of cytoophidia in the cytoplasm and nucleus, therefore providing a good opportunity to investigate the intracellular compartmentation of CTP synthase.
Experimental cell research.Exp Cell Res.2014 Apr 15;323(1):242-53. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.01.029. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
CTP synthase is an essential metabolic enzyme responsible for the de novo synthesis of CTP. Multiple studies have recently showed that CTP synthase protein molecules form filamentous structures termed cytoophidia or CTP synthase filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, as well as in bacteria.
PMID 24503052

Japanese Journal

Differences in the Roles of a Glutamine Amidotransferase Subunit of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Synthase between Bacillus circulans and Bacillus subtilis

ITAGAKI Shiori,HAGA Minami,OIKAWA Yuji,SAKODA Ayaka,OHKE Yoshie,SAWADA Hiroshi,EGUCHI Tadashi,TAMEGAI Hideyuki
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 77(7), 1481-1485, 2013-07-23
NAID 10031190456

Differences in the Roles of a Glutamine Amidotransferase Subunit of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Synthase between Bacillus circulans and Bacillus subtilis

ITAGAKI Shiori,HAGA Minami,OIKAWA Yuji [他],SAKODA Ayaka,OHKE Yoshie,SAWADA Hiroshi,EGUCHI Tadashi,TAMEGAI Hideyuki
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 77(7), 1481-1485, 2013
… BtrC2 of the butirosin producer Bacillus circulans is a non-catalytic subunit of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose (DOI) synthase that is involved in butirosin biosynthesis, and also a homolog of glutamine amidotransferase subunit (PdxT) of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) synthase of Bacillus subtilis. …
NAID 130003361148

Select Nutrients in the Uterine Lumen of Sheep and Pigs Affect Conceptus Development

BAZER Fuller W.,KIM Jinyoung,KA Hakhyun [他],JOHNSON Gregory A.,WU Guoyao,SONG Gwonhwa
The Journal of reproduction and development 58(2), 180-188, 2012-04-01
… Arg increases expression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and IFNT mRNAs while Arg and Gluc increase ornithine decarboxylase, nitric oxide synthase 2, and GCH1 mRNAs and proteins by Tr cells. … In pigs, Gluc, Arg, leucine (Leu) and glutamine (Gln) increase in the uterine lumen between Days 12 and 15 of pregnancy due to enhanced expression of transporters for Gluc and amino acids. …
NAID 10030753562