glucagon-like peptide-1

グルカゴン様ペプチド-1 GLP-1

WordNet

1. want to have; "Id like a beer now!"
2. a kind of person; "Well not see his like again"; "I cant tolerate people of his ilk" (同)ilk
3. a similar kind; "dogs, foxes, and the like", "we dont want the likes of you around here" (同)the like, the likes of
4. equal in amount or value; "like amounts"; "equivalent amounts"; "the same amount"; "gave one six blows and the other a like number"; "the same number" (同)same
5. resembling or similar; having the same or some of the same characteristics; often used in combination; "suits of like design"; "a limited circle of like minds"; "members of the cat family have like dispositions"; "as like as two peas in a pod"; "doglike devotion"; "a dreamlike quality" (同)similar
6. be fond of; "I like my nephews"
7. feel about or towards; consider, evaluate, or regard; "How did you like the Presidents speech last night?"
8. find enjoyable or agreeable; "I like jogging"; "She likes to read Russian novels"
9. a feeling of pleasure and enjoyment; "Ive always had a liking for reading"; "she developed a liking for gin"
10. amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein
11. a hormone secreted by the pancreas; stimulates increases in blood sugar levels in the blood (thus opposing the action of insulin)
12. found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form; "a well-liked teacher"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. …‘を'『好む』,‘が'好きである / 《しばしば否定文で,またwould,《英》shouldと共に用いて》…‘を'望む,…したい / 『好む』;望む / 《複数形で》好み,好きな事
2. (外観・性質などが)…『に似た』,のような / (やり方,程度などが)…『と同じように』 / …『らしい』,にふさわいし / 《おもに話》たとえば…のような / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(性質・外観などが)同じの,(数量が)等しい / 《補語にのみ用いて》似ている,そっくりで / たぶん,おそらく(probably) / (…に)似た人(物),(…と)同等の人(物),匹敵する人(物)《+『of』+『名』》 / …のように / あたかも…のように
3. (…の)『好み』,趣味《+『for』(『to』)+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/20 15:20:03」(JST)

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GLP-1 and Diabetes

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin derived from the transcription product of the proglucagon gene. The major source of GLP-1 in the body is the intestinal L cell that secretes GLP-1 as a gut hormone. The biologically active forms of GLP-1 are: GLP-1-(7-37) and GLP-1-(7-36)NH2. Those peptides result from selective cleavage of the proglucagon molecule.

GLP-1 secretion by ileal L cells is dependent on the presence of nutrients in the lumen of the small intestine. The secretagogues (agents that cause or stimulate secretion) of this hormone include major nutrients like carbohydrate, protein and lipid. Once in the circulation, GLP-1 has a half-life of less than 2 minutes, due to rapid degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4. It is a potent antihyperglycemic hormone, inducing glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion while suppressing glucagon secretion. Such glucose-dependent action is particularly attractive because, when the plasma glucose concentration is in the normal fasting range, GLP-1 no longer stimulates insulin to cause hypoglycemia. GLP-1 appears to restore the glucose sensitivity of pancreatic β-cells, with the mechanism possibly involving the increased expression of GLUT2 and glucokinase. GLP-1 is also known to inhibit pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of insulin-secreting β-cells. In addition, GLP-1 inhibits gastric secretion and motility. This delays and protracts carbohydrate absorption and contributes to a satiating effect.

Physiological functions

GLP-1 possesses several physiological properties that make it (and its analogs) a subject of intensive investigation as a potential treatment of diabetes mellitus. The known physiological functions of GLP-1 include:

• increases insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner.
• decreases glucagon secretion from the pancreas by engagement of a specific G protein-coupled receptor.
• increases insulin-sensitivity in both alpha cells and beta cells
• increases beta cells mass and insulin gene expression, post-translational processing and incretion.
• inhibits acid secretion and gastric emptying in the stomach.
• decreases food intake by increasing satiety in brain.
• promotes insulin sensitivity.

As evidence of the physiological role of GLP-1 in post-prandial insulin secretion, it has been shown that an oral dose of glucose triggers a much higher peak in plasma insulin concentration compared to an intravenous dose.

Obese patients undergoing gastric bypass showed marked metabolic adaptations, resulting in frequent diabetes remission 1 year later. When the confounding of calorie restriction is factored out, β-cell function improves rapidly, very possibly under the influence of enhanced GLP-1 responsiveness.

Outside of its function as an insulin secretagogue, GLP-1 seems also to play a role in bone physiology. Researchers at Universities of Angers and Ulster evidenced a massive reduction in bone strength in GLP-1 receptor knockout mice mainly due to a poor bone quality.

See also

• Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
• Glucagon-like peptide-2
• Type 2 diabetes
• GLP-1 analogs : exenatide, liraglutide
• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
• Sitagliptin ( a DPP4 inhibitor)
• Liraglutide
• Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

References

External links

• Banting and Best Diabetes Centre at UT glp1
• Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

American diabetes association:link-http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/56/1/8.full

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 2型糖尿病治療のためのGlucagon-like peptide-1受容体拮抗剤 glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
• 2. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
• 3. 2型糖尿病における持続性高血糖のマネージメント management of persistent hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
• 4. 2型糖尿病治療に用いるナトリウム-グルコース共輸送体2（SGLT2）阻害薬 sodium glucose co transporter 2 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
• 5. 糖尿病の治療のためのアミリン類似体 amylin analogs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus

English Journal

• Gastric bypass surgery is protective from high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress.

• Mosinski JD1, Pagadala MR2, Mulya A1, Huang H1, Dan O3, Shimizu H3, Batayyah E3, Pai RK4, Schauer PR3,5, Brethauer SA3,5, Kirwan JP1,2,5.
• Acta physiologica (Oxford, England).Acta Physiol (Oxf).2016 Jun;217(2):141-51. doi: 10.1111/apha.12640. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
• AIM: High-fat diets are known to contribute to the development of obesity and related co-morbidities including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The accumulation of hepatic lipid may increase endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and contribute to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and metabolic dis
• PMID 26663034

• Novel Therapeutics for Diabetes: Uptake, Usage Trends, and Comparative Effectiveness.

• Ahuja V1, Chou CH2.
• Current diabetes reports.Curr Diab Rep.2016 Jun;16(6):47. doi: 10.1007/s11892-016-0744-4.
• The number of available therapies for treating type 2 diabetes has grown considerably in recent years. This growth has been fueled by availability of newer medications, whose benefits and risks have not been fully established. In this study, we review and synthesize the existing literature on the up
• PMID 27076180

• GLP-1 influences food and drug reward.

• Hayes MR1, Schmidt HD2.
• Current opinion in behavioral sciences.Curr Opin Behav Sci.2016 Jun;9:66-70.
• Natural rewards, including food, water, sleep and social interactions, are required to sustain life. The neural substrates that regulate the reinforcing effects of these behaviors are also the same neurobiological mechanisms mediating mood, motivation and the rewarding effects of pharmacological sti
• PMID 27066524

Related Links

• The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1.

1. Physiol Rev. 2007 Oct;87(4):1409-39. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1. Holst JJ(1). Author information: (1)Department of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen ...

• Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (Human, 7-36 Amide) | 株式会社 ...

ホーム オンラインカタログ オンラインカタログ詳細 Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (Human, 7-36 Amide) Code: 4344-v Name: Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (Human, 7-36 Amide) GLP-1 (7-36 Amide) His-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「グルカゴン様ペプチド-1」「GLP-1」「GLP-1 analog」
関連記事	「like」

「グルカゴン様ペプチド-1」

　　[★]

英

glucagon-like peptide 1 glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-1

同

グルカゴン様ペプチド1

• 小腸L細胞で産生される。
• 食事性の刺激により分泌される。
• 膵臓β細​​胞、膵管、胃粘膜、腎臓、肺、心臓、皮膚、免疫細胞、視床下部など、さまざまな組織で発現する特定のGLP-1受容体に結合する。
• 膵β細胞に作用してグルコース依存性インスリン放出を刺激する。
• 胃内容排出を遅らせ、食事後の不適切なグルカゴン放出を抑制して、食物摂取量を減らす。
• 胃排出の遅延および脳内の食欲中枢への作用により、体重減少させる作用を有する。
• GLP-1は、ジペプチジルペプチダーゼ4(DPP-4)によるN末端分解のため、通常の半減期は1-2分である。

「GLP-1」

　　[★]

• グルカゴン様ペプチド-1 glucagon-like peptide 1 glucagon-like peptide-1

「GLP-1 analog」

　　[★]

同

glucagon-like peptide-1

「like」

　　[★]

• v.

• 好む

• prep.

• 似ている、同様の

関

alike、as well as、care for、correspond、correspondingly、equally、favor、identically、likewise、prefer、resemble、same、similar、similarly、such