genu varum

内反膝

WordNet

1. (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species
2. a general kind of something; "ignore the genus communism"
3. informal term for information; "give me the gen on your new line of computers"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (生物分類上の)属(family(科)の下でspecies(種)の上) / (一般に)種類

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/19 08:11:05」(JST)

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"Bow legs" redirects here. For other uses, see Bowlegs (disambiguation).

"Bow-leg" redirects here. For the robotic leg, see Bow Leg.

Genu varum
X-Ray of the legs in a 2 year old child with rickets
Classification and external resources
Specialty	medical genetics
ICD-10	Q68.3-Q68.5, Q74.1
ICD-9-CM	755.64 congenital; 736.42 acquired
DiseasesDB	29404
MedlinePlus	001585

Genu varum (also called bow-leggedness, bandiness, bandy-leg, and tibia vara), is a physical deformity marked by (outward) bowing of the lower leg in relation to the thigh, giving the appearance of an archer's bow. Usually medial angulation of both femur and tibia is involved.

Causes

If a child is sickly, either with rickets or any other ailment that prevents ossification of the bones, or is improperly fed, the bowed condition may persist. Thus the chief cause of this deformity is rickets. Skeletal problems, infection, and tumors can also affect the growth of the leg, sometimes giving rise to a one-sided bow-leggedness. The remaining causes are occupational, especially among jockeys, and from physical trauma, the condition being very likely to supervene after accidents involving the condyles of the femur.

Childhood

Children until the age of 3 to 4 have a degree of Genu Varum. The child sits with the soles of the feet facing one another; the tibia and femur are curved outwards; and, if the limbs are extended, although the ankles are in contact, there is a distinct space between the knee-joints. During the first year of life, a gradual change takes place. The knee-joints approach one another; the femur slopes downward and inward towards the knee joints; the tibia become straight; and the sole of the foot faces almost directly downwards.

While these changes are occurring, the bones, which at first consist principally of cartilage, are gradually becoming ossified. By the time a normal child begins to walk, the lower limbs are prepared, both by their general direction and by the rigidity of the bones which form them, to support the weight of the body.

Blount's disease

Blount's disease is a deformity in the legs, mostly from the knees to the ankles. The affected bone curves in or out and forms the usual "archers bow" which can also be called bow-legs. There are two types of Blount's disease. The first type is Infantile: this means that children under four are diagnosed with this disease. Blount's disease in this age is very risky because sometimes it is not detected and it passes to the second type of Blount's disease. The second type of Blount's disease is found mostly in older children and in teenagers, sometimes in one leg and sometimes in both; the patient's age determines how severe the diagnosis is.

Treatment

Valgus osteotomy. The black line is the mechanical axis. This process may be done to correct a varus deformity.

Generally, no treatment is required for idiopathic presentation as it is a normal anatomical variant in young children. Treatment is indicated when it persists beyond 3 and a half years old. In the case of unilateral presentation or progressive worsening of the curvature, when caused by rickets, the most important thing is to treat the constitutional disease, at the same time instructing the care-giver never to place the child on its feet. In many cases this is quite sufficient in itself to effect a cure, but matters can be hastened somewhat by applying splints. When the deformity arises in older patients, either from trauma or occupation, the only permanent treatment is surgery, but orthopaedic bracing can provide relief.

Blount's disease

Treatment for children with Blount's disease is typically braces but surgery may also be necessary, especially for teenagers. The operation consists of removing a piece of tibia, breaking the fibula and straightening out the bone; there is also a choice of elongating the legs. If not treated early enough, the condition worsens quickly.

Prognosis

In most cases persisting after childhood, there is little or no effect on the ability to walk. Due to uneven stress and wear on the knees, however, even milder manifestations can see an accelerated onset of arthritis. Those with bowlegs and a genetic predisposition for developing arthritis will likely start having arthritic symptoms around age 30.

See also

• Genu valgum
• Genu recurvatum
• Varus deformity
• Rickets
• Knee pain
• Knee osteoarthritis

References

External links

• "Bowed Legs". American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Reviewed by members of POSNA (Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America) 

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 内反膝の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with bow legs
• 2. 新生児における出産時の損傷 lower extremity positional deformations
• 3. 小児におけるくる病の概要 overview of rickets in children
• 4. 膝の身体診察 physical examination of the knee
• 5. 外反膝の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with knock knees

English Journal

• MANAGEMENT OF INFANTILE BLOUNT'S DISEASE WITH MOLDED ORTHOSES: A NEW PERSPECTIVE.

• Montenegro NB1, Massa BS1, de Angeli LR1.
• Acta ortopedica brasileira.Acta Ortop Bras.2016 Mar-Apr;24(2):85-9. doi: 10.1590/1413-785220162402153725.
• OBJECTIVE: : This retrospective study evaluated treatment with individually contoured molded bracing at early stages of the disease.METHODS: : We evaluated the medical records of patients undergoing treatment of Blount's disease with molded orthoses for medial decompression between 2010 and 2014. Th
• PMID 26981042

• The Efficacy of Percutaneous Lateral Hemiepiphysiodesis on Angular Correction in Idiopathic Adolescent Genu Varum.

• Woo K1, Lee YS1, Lee WY1, Shim JS1.
• Clinics in orthopedic surgery.Clin Orthop Surg.2016 Mar;8(1):92-8. doi: 10.4055/cios.2016.8.1.92. Epub 2016 Feb 13.
• BACKGROUND: Percutaneous lateral hemiepiphysiodesis of the lower extremity is a simple and excellent method to correct the angular and length problems cosmetically. However, the efficacy of percutaneous lateral hemiepiphysiodesis is not well established in the literature. The purpose of this study w
• PMID 26929805

• Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Blount Disease or Blount-Like Deformity.

• Natoli RM1, Nypaver CM1, Schiff AP1, Hopkinson WJ1, Rees HW1.
• The Journal of arthroplasty.J Arthroplasty.2016 Jan;31(1):124-7. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2015.07.014. Epub 2015 Jul 11.
• Blount disease is associated with complex deformity of the proximal tibia, and some patients will develop knee osteoarthritis. Five patients (eight knees) with Blount disease or Blount-like deformity underwent total knee arthroplasty. Mean proximal tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle was 20.75°. Ea
• PMID 26235520

Japanese Journal

• 経験と考察 乳幼児O脚の自然矯正における大腿骨遠位骨端核の骨化成熟の解析

• 村橋 靖崇,松山 敏勝,藤田 裕樹 [他]
• 整形外科 = Orthopedic surgery 65(1), 16-20, 2014-01
• NAID 40019922083

• 内反膝が前後左右ジャンプ時の床反力と筋反応時間に及ぼす影響

• 福田 哲也,平山 康平,松永 須美子 [他],松永 智,Fukuda Tetsuya,Hirayama Kohei,Matsunaga Sumiko,Matsunaga Satoshi,フクダ テツヤ,ヒラマヤ コウヘイ,マツナガ スミコ,マツナガ サトシ
• 宮崎大学教育文化学部紀要. 芸術・保健体育・家政・技術 28, 23-31, 2013-03-29
• … We investigated the effects physiologic genu varum on side-step cutting performance. … These results provide suggestion that subjects with genu varum compared with normal knee possess an advantage in muscle. …
• NAID 110009574539

• Gradual bilateral genu varum correction in skeletal dysplasia using the Ilizarov method

• KIM Seung-Ju,CIELO Balace,SONG Sang-Heon,SONG Hae-Ryong,SONG Sang-Yoon
• Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association 16(4), 405-412, 2011-07-01
• NAID 10029573933

Related Links

• genu varum - definition of genu varum by Medical dictionary

genu var·um (vâr′əm) n. Bowleg. genu varum Etymology: L, knee, varus, bent outward a deformity in which one or both legs are bent outward at the knee. Also called bowleg. Compare genu valgum. bowleg External deviation of the ...

• Genu varum | Define Genu varum at Dictionary.com

Genu varum definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now! Thesaurus Translate Puzzles & Games Reference Word of the Day Blog Slideshows Apps by Log Out ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「内反膝」
関連記事	「genus」

「内反膝」

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英

bowleg, bow-legs

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genu varum

同

O脚 O-Bein

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外反膝

「genus」

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日

属

関

order, family, subfamily, genus, species