WordNet

a leg bowed outward at the knee (or below the knee) (同)bow_leg, bandyleg, bandy leg, genu_varum, tibia_vara
the quantity contained in a bowl (同)bowlful
a concave shape with an open top (同)trough
roll (a ball)
a small round container that is open at the top for holding tobacco (同)pipe bowl
a dish that is round and open at the top for serving foods
a round vessel that is open at the top; used chiefly for holding food or liquids;
a wooden ball (with flattened sides so that it rolls on a curved course) used in the game of lawn bowling
engage in the sport of bowling; "My parents like to bowl on Friday nights"
hurl a cricket ball from one end of the pitch towards the batsman at the other end

PrepTutorEJDIC

わに足の,O脚の,がにまたの
わに足,O脚,がにまた
『どんぶり,はち;わん』,茶わん,ボール / どんぶり(はち)1杯の量 / (…の)丸くくぼんだ部分《+『of』+『名』》 / 《米》(はち形の)円形競技場(stadium)
(遊戯用の)木球 / (bowling, bowlsで)球をころがすこと / ボーリングをする / 《副詞句を伴って》(クリケットで)投球する / 〈車などが〉すべるように走る《+『along』》 / 〈球〉'を'ころがす / (クリケットで)〈球〉'を'投げる / (ボーリングなどで)〈点随〉'を'出る

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/26 21:52:37」(JST)

wiki en

Genu Varum (also called bow-leggedness, bandiness, bandy-leg, and tibia vara), is a physical deformity marked by (outward) bowing of the lower leg in relation to the thigh, giving the appearance of an archer's bow. Usually medial angulation of both femur and tibia is involved.

Causes

If a child is sickly, either with rickets or any other ailment that prevents ossification of the bones, or is improperly fed, the bowed condition may persist. Thus the chief cause of this deformity is rickets. Skeletal problems, infection, and tumors can also affect the growth of the leg, sometimes giving rise to a one-sided bow-leggedness. The remaining causes are occupational, especially among jockeys, and from physical trauma, the condition being very likely to supervene after accidents involving the condyles of the femur.^[1]

Childhood

Children until the age of 3 to 4 have a degree of Genu Varum. The child sits with the soles of the feet facing one another; the tibia and femur are curved outwards; and, if the limbs are extended, although the ankles are in contact, there is a distinct space between the knee-joints. During the first year of life, a gradual change takes place. The knee-joints approach one another; the femur slopes downward and inward towards the knee joints; the tibia become straight; and the sole of the foot faces almost directly downwards.

While these changes are occurring, the bones, which at first consist principally of cartilage, are gradually becoming ossified. By the time a normal child begins to walk, the lower limbs are prepared, both by their general direction and by the rigidity of the bones which form them, to support the weight of the body.^[1]

Blount's disease

Blount's disease is a deformity in the legs, mostly from the knees to the ankles. The affected bone curves in or out and forms the usual "archers bow" which can also be called bow-legs. There are two types of Blount's disease. The first type is Infantile: this means that children under four are diagnosed with this disease. Blount's disease in this age is very risky because sometimes it is not detected and it passes to the second type of Blount's disease. The second type of Blount's disease is found mostly in older children and in teenagers, sometimes in one leg and sometimes in both; the patient's age determines how severe the diagnosis is.^[2]

Treatment

Valgus osteotomy. The black line is the mechanical axis. This process may be done to correct a varus deformity.

Generally, no treatment is required for idiopathic presentation as it is a normal anatomical variant in young children. Treatment is indicated when it persists beyond 3 and a half years old. In the case of unilateral presentation or progressive worsening of the curvature, when caused by rickets, the most important thing is to treat the constitutional disease, at the same time instructing the care-giver never to place the child on its feet. In many cases this is quite sufficient in itself to effect a cure, but matters can be hastened somewhat by applying splints. When the deformity arises in older patients, either from trauma or occupation, the only permanent treatment is surgery, but orthopaedic bracing can provide relief.

Blount's disease

Treatment for children with Blount's disease is typically braces but surgery may also be necessary, especially for teenagers. The operation consists of removing a piece of tibia, breaking the fibula and straightening out the bone; there is also a choice of elongating the legs. If not treated early enough, the condition worsens quickly.^[3]

Prognosis

In most cases persisting after childhood, there is little or no effect on the ability to walk. Due to uneven stress and wear on the knees, however, even milder manifestations can see an accelerated onset of arthritis. Those with bowlegs and a genetic predisposition for developing arthritis will likely start having arthritic symptoms around age 30.

References

^ ^a ^b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bow-Leg". Encyclopædia Britannica 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 343–344.
^ Shriner's, Hospital for Children – Houston, TX. "Blount's Disease". Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^ PubMed, Health. "Blount's Disease". Retrieved October 28, 2011.

External links

"Bowed Legs". American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Reviewed by members of POSNA (Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 内反膝の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with bow legs
2. 新生児における出産時の損傷 lower extremity positional deformations
3. 小児におけるくる病の概要 overview of rickets in children
4. 膝の身体診察 physical examination of the knee
5. 内旋歩行の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with in toeing

English Journal

Improved femoral component rotation in advanced genu valgum deformity using computer-assisted measured resection total knee arthroplasty.

Lin SJ1, Lee CY2, Huang KC3,4, Peng KT5,6, Huang TW7,8, Lee MS9,10, Hsu RW11,12, Shen WJ13.
Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research.J Orthop Surg Res.2015 Sep 2;10(1):135. doi: 10.1186/s13018-015-0279-4.
BACKGROUND: Accurate femoral rotational alignment is of vital importance for successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The value of computer-assisted surgery TKA (CAS-TKA) in increasing the accuracy of femoral rotational alignment remains controversial. We hypothesize that outcomes are related to th
PMID 26328925

Neighbourhood fluorosis in people residing in the vicinity of superphosphate fertilizer plants near Udaipur city of Rajasthan (India).

Choubisa SL1, Choubisa D.
Environmental monitoring and assessment.Environ Monit Assess.2015 Aug;187(8):497. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4723-z. Epub 2015 Jul 10.
Chronic industrial fluoride toxicosis in the forms of dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis was investigated in 162 villagers (94 males and 78 females) above 15 years of age living in the vicinity of superphosphate fertilizer plants located approximately 12 km south of Udaipur city of Rajastha
PMID 26160742

Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Blount Disease or Blount-Like Deformity.

Natoli RM1, Nypaver CM1, Schiff AP1, Hopkinson WJ1, Rees HW1.
The Journal of arthroplasty.J Arthroplasty.2015 Jul 11. pii: S0883-5403(15)00614-2. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2015.07.014. [Epub ahead of print]
Blount disease is associated with complex deformity of the proximal tibia, and some patients will develop knee osteoarthritis. Five patients (eight knees) with Blount disease or Blount-like deformity underwent total knee arthroplasty. Mean proximal tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle was 20.75°. Ea
PMID 26235520

Japanese Journal

小児のO脚 : 鑑別疾患と治療

滝川一晴
静岡整形外科医学雑誌 8(1), 2-7, 2015
NAID 40020549247

臨床室 O脚を主訴に受診したくる病の3例

森岡健,伊部茂晴,平野岳毅
整形外科 62(6), 545-549, 2011-06
NAID 40018849196

低リン血症性ビタミンD抵抗性くる病におけるO脚変形の治療経験

中村雅洋,吉野伸司,肥後勝
整形外科と災害外科 58(1), 119-123, 2009-03-25
NAID 10024768650

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「内反膝」「leg bowing」
関連記事	「bowl」

「内反膝」

Genu varum
	X-Ray of the legs in a 2 year old child with rickets
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	Q68.3-Q68.5, Q74.1
ICD-9-CM	755.64 congenital; 736.42 acquired
DiseasesDB	29404
MedlinePlus	001585