WordNet

something curved in shape (同)arc
play on a string instrument with a bow
a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces (同)bowknot
front part of a vessel or aircraft; "he pointed the bow of the boat toward the finish line" (同)fore, prow, stem
a decorative interlacing of ribbons
a slightly curved piece of resilient wood with taut horsehair strands; used in playing certain stringed instruments
a stroke with a curved piece of wood with taut horsehair strands that is used in playing stringed instruments
a weapon for shooting arrows, composed of a curved piece of resilient wood with a taut cord to propel the arrow
bending the head or body or knee as a sign of reverence or submission or shame or greeting (同)bowing, obeisance
an appearance by actors or performers at the end of the concert or play in order to acknowledge the applause of the audience (同)curtain_call
bend ones knee or body, or lower ones head; "He bowed before the King"; "She bowed her head in shame" (同)bow down
bend the head or the upper part of the body in a gesture of respect or greeting; "He bowed before the King"
(nautical) the distance traveled by a sailing vessel on a single tack
a cloth covering consisting of the part of a pair of trousers that covers a persons leg
one of the supports for a piece of furniture
a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle
a structure in animals that is similar to a human leg and used for locomotion
the limb of an animal used for food
of a stringed instrument; sounded by stroking with a bow
showing an excessively deferential manner (同)bowing
managing the bow in playing a stringed instrument; "the violinists bowing was excellent"
staying power; "that old Broadway play really has legs"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『弓』 / (楽器の)弓 / 弓形,弓形のもの(にじなど) / (リボンなどの)ちょう結び;ちょうネクタイ(bowtie) / (めがねの)つる / 〈バイオリンなど〉'を'弓でひく
(…に)『身をかがめる』,頭をさげる,おじぎをする《+『down』『to』+『名』》 / (…に)屈服する,従う《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈ひざ・腰〉'を'かがめる,(頭など)'を'さげる / …'を'曲げる / 〈感謝など〉'を'おじぎをして示す / …'を'身をかがめて案内する / おじぎ,えしゃく
《時に複数形で;単数扱い》(ボート・船・飛行機の)『先端部』;へさき,機取 / ベートの最前部のオール;そのこぎ手
(人・動物の)『脚』 / (ズボン・靴下などの)脚をおおう部分,脚部 / (家具などの)脚,形(機能)が脚に似た物 / (三角形の底辺を除く)一辺 / (旅などの全行程の中の)一区切り,一区間
頭を下げた,うなだれた,(重みで)下がった
弦楽器の)弓を使う方法(技術);弓を使った演奏法

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/12 01:36:19」(JST)

wiki en

Genu Varum (also called bow-leggedness, bandiness, bandy-leg, and tibia vara), is a physical deformity marked by (outward) bowing of the lower leg in relation to the thigh, giving the appearance of an archer's bow. Usually medial angulation of both femur and tibia is involved.

§Blount's disease

Blount's disease is a deformity in the legs, mostly from the knees to the ankles. The affected bone curves in or out and forms the usual "archers bow" which can also be called bow-legs. There are two types of Blount's disease. The first type is Infantile: this means that children under four are diagnosed with this disease. Blount's disease in this age is very risky because sometimes it is not detected and it passes to the second type of Blount's disease. The second type of Blount's disease is found mostly in older children and in teens, sometimes in one leg and sometimes in both; the patient's age determines how severe the diagnosis is.^[1]

§Treatment

Treatment for children is typically braces but also surgery may be necessary, especially for teens. The operation consists of taking a piece of tibia out and breaking the fibula and straightening out the bone; there is also a choice of elongating the legs. But if not treated early enough, the condition worsens quickly.^[2]

§Childhood

Children until the age of 3 to 4 have a degree of Genu Varum. The child sits with the soles of the feet facing one another; the tibia and femur are curved outwards; and, if the limbs are extended, although the ankles are in contact, there is a distinct space between the knee-joints. During the first year of life, a gradual change takes place. The knee-joints approach one another; the femur slopes downward and inward towards the knee joints; the tibia become straight; and the sole of the foot faces almost directly downwards.

While these changes are occurring, the bones, which at first consist principally of cartilage, are gradually becoming ossified. By the time a normal child begins to walk, the lower limbs are prepared, both by their general direction and by the rigidity of the bones which form them, to support the weight of the body.^[3]

§Causes

If a child is sickly, either with rickets or suffering from any ailment that prevents the due ossification of the bones, or is improperly fed, the bowed condition may persist. Thus the chief cause of this deformity is rickets. Skeletal problems, infection, and tumors can also affect the growth of the leg, sometimes giving rise to a one-sided bow-leggedness. The remaining causes are occupational, especially among jockeys, and from physical trauma, the condition being very likely to supervene after accidents involving the condyles of the femur.^[3]

§Expectations

In most cases persisting after childhood, there is little or no effect on the ability to walk. Due to uneven stress and wear on the knees, however, even milder manifestations can see an accelerated onset of arthritis. Those with bowlegs and a genetic predisposition for developing arthritis will likely start having arthritic symptoms around age 30.

§Treatment

Valgus osteotomy. The black line is the mechanical axis. This process may be done to correct a varus deformity.

Generally, no treatment is required for idiopathic presentation as it is a normal anatomical variant in young children. Treatment is indicated when it persists beyond 3 and a half years old. In the case of unilateral presentation or progressive worsening of the curvature, when caused by rickets, the most important thing is to treat the constitutional disease, at the same time instructing the care-giver never to place the child on its feet. In many cases this is quite sufficient in itself to effect a cure, but matters can be hastened somewhat by applying splints. When the deformity arises in older patients, either from trauma or occupation, the only permanent treatment is surgery, but orthopaedic bracing can provide relief.

§See also

Genu valgum
Genu recurvatum
Varus deformity
Rickets
Knee pain
Knee osteoarthritis

§References

^ Shriner's, Hospital for Children – Houston, TX. "Blount's Disease". Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^ PubMed, Health. "Blount's Disease". Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^ ^a ^b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bow-Leg". Encyclopædia Britannica 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 343–344.

§External links

"Bowed Legs". American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Reviewed by members of POSNA (Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 内反膝の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with bow legs
2. 新生児における出産時の損傷 lower extremity positional deformations
3. 後十字靱帯損傷 posterior cruciate ligament injury
4. 小児におけるくる病の概要 overview of rickets in children
5. 内旋歩行の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with in toeing

English Journal

Exome sequencing reveals a mutation in DMP1 in a family with familial sclerosing bone dysplasia.

Gannagé-Yared MH1, Makrythanasis P2, Chouery E3, Sobacchi C4, Mehawej C5, Santoni FA6, Guipponi M7, Antonarakis SE8, Hamamy H9, Mégarbané A10.
Bone.Bone.2014 Nov;68:142-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.08.014. Epub 2014 Aug 30.
INTRODUCTION: Hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) comprises a rare group of inherited diseases. Very recently, mutations in the dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) gene were identified in patients with an extremely rare autosomal recessive form of HR (ARHR). To date, very few cases of these mutations were repo
PMID 25180662

Treatment of Adolescent Blount Disease Using Taylor Spatial Frame With and Without Fibular Osteotomy: Is There any Difference?

Sachs O1, Katzman A, Abu-Johar E, Eidelman M.
Journal of pediatric orthopedics.J Pediatr Orthop.2014 Oct 15. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND:: In adolescents, Tibia Vara (Blount disease) patients usually present with combination of marked genu varum, procurvatum, and internal tibial torsion. When no growth remaining, standard treatment protocol for correction is osteotomy of the proximal tibia and fibula. In our study we compa
PMID 25321881

Delayed bone healing following high tibial osteotomy related to increased implant stiffness in locked plating.

Röderer G1, Gebhard F2, Duerselen L3, Ignatius A3, Claes L3.
Injury.Injury.2014 Oct;45(10):1648-52. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.04.018. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
INTRODUCTION: Asymmetrical callus formation and incomplete bone formation underneath stiff locking plates have been reported recently in clinical and experimental fracture healing studies. After similar effects were observed in the outcome of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) patients, a retrospective stu
PMID 24813098

Japanese Journal

J103011 膝アライメントの違いによる歩行動作への影響

年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2012, "J103011-1"-"J103011-5", 2012-09-09
NAID 110009994750

絞扼輪を伴う下腿内弯変形に対する矯正骨切り術

日本小児整形外科学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Paediatric Orthopaedic Association 9(1), 41-44, 2000-01-25
NAID 10009798101

小児O脚,X脚に対する短下肢型矯正装具を用いた保存療法の治療成績

日本小児整形外科学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Paediatric Orthopaedic Association 7(1), 44-49, 1998-01-25
NAID 10010714442

Related Pictures

NAME OF PATHOLOGY: Bow Legs / Genu Varum Bow legs Causes Bow Legs Correction, Bow Legs Treatment Bow-legs Bowed Leg Plastic Surgery Treatment NY Bow legs (varus mal-alignment)

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「内反膝」
関連記事	「leg」「bow」

「内反膝」

Genu varum
	X-Ray of the legs in a 2 year old child with rickets
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	Q68.3-Q68.5, Q74.1
ICD-9	755.64 congenital; 736.42 acquired
DiseasesDB	29404
MedlinePlus	001585