- 関
- gene cluster
WordNet
- join or form a pool of people
- the combined stakes of the betters (同)kitty
- any communal combination of funds; "everyone contributed to the pool"
- any of various games played on a pool table having 6 pockets (同)pocket billiards
- an excavation that is (usually) filled with water
- a small body of standing water (rainwater) or other liquid; "there were puddles of muddy water in the road after the rain"; "the body lay in a pool of blood" (同)puddle
- something resembling a pool of liquid; "he stood in a pool of light"; "his chair sat in a puddle of books and magazines" (同)puddle
- an organization of people or resources that can be shared; "a car pool"; "a secretarial pool"; "when he was first hired he was assigned to the pool"
- combine into a common fund; "We pooled resources"
- (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors" (同)cistron, factor
- informal term for information; "give me the gen on your new line of computers"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (特に,自然にできた)『水たまり』 / (水以外の液体の)たまり《+『of』+『名』》 / 『水泳プール』(swimming pool)
- 〈U〉賭(か)け玉突き(6個の穴の台でする玉突きの一種) / 〈C〉(ある種のゲームの)総賭け金 / 企業連合,カルテル / 〈C〉(…の)合同資金,プール;共同管理(出資)『+of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉共同利用の施設,(それを利用して集まる人などの)たまり / 《the pools》《英》サッカー懸賞 / …‘を'いっしょにする;共同出資する
- 遺伝子
- = poo-poo・(幼児語)うんち・うんちをする
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/09/06 11:31:29」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
For the guitarist named Gene Pool, see Greg Flesch.
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008) |
The "gene pool" is the total of all genes, or genetic information, in any population, usually of a particular species.This also proves to be the basic level at which evolution acts.
Contents
- 1 Description
- 2 Gene pool concept in crop breeding
- 3 Gene pool centres
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
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Description
A large gene pool indicates extensive genetic diversity, which is associated with robust populations that can survive bouts of intense selection. Meanwhile, low genetic diversity (see inbreeding and population bottlenecks) can cause reduced biological fitness and an increased chance of extinction, although as explained by genetic drift new genetic variants, that may cause an increase in the fitness of organisms, are more likely to fix in the population if it is rather small.
When all individuals in a population are identical with regard to a particular phenotypic trait, the population is said to be monomorphic. When the individuals show several variants of a particular trait they are said to be polymorphic.
Gene pool concept in crop breeding
Harlan and de Wet (1971) proposed classifying each crop and its related species by gene pools rather than by formal taxonomy.[1]
- Primary gene pool (GP-1): Members of this gene pool are probably in the same "species" (in conventional biological usage) and can intermate freely. Harlan and de Wet wrote, "Among forms of this gene pool, crossing is easy; hybrids are generally fertile with good chromosome pairing; gene segregation is approximately normal and gene transfer is generally easy.".[1] They also advised subdividing each crop gene pool in two:
- Subspecies A: Cultivated races
- Subspecies B: Spontaneous races (wild or weedy)
- Secondary gene pool (GP-2): Members of this pool are probably normally classified as different species than the crop species under consideration (the primary gene pool). However, these species are closely related and can cross and produce at least some fertile hybrids (F1s). As would be expected by members of different species, there are some reproductive barriers between members of the primary and secondary gene pools:
- hybrids may be weak
- hybrids may be partially sterile
- chromosomes may pair poorly or not at all
- recovery of desired phenotypes may be difficult in subsequent generations
- However, "The gene pool is available to be utilized, however, if the plant breeder or geneticist is willing to put out the effort required."[1]
- Tertiary gene pool (GP-3): Members of this gene pool are more distantly related to the members of the primary gene pool. The primary and tertiary gene pools can be intermated, but gene transfer between them is impossible without the use of "rather extreme or radical measures" [1] such as:
- embryo rescue (or embryo culture, a form of plant organ culture)
- induced polyploidy (chromosome doubling)
- bridging crosses (e.g., with members of the secondary gene pool).
Gene pool centres
Gene pool centres refers to areas on the earth where important crop plants and domestic animals originated.They have an extraordinary range of the wild counterparts of cultivated plant species and useful tropical plants.
See also
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Evolutionary biology portal |
- Biodiversity
- Conservation biology
- Founder effect
- Gene flow
- Genetic drift
- Small population size
References
- ^ a b c d JR Harland and JMT de Wet. 1971. Toward a Rational Classification of Cultivated Plants. Taxon 20: 509-517.
External links
- Gap Analysis Portal reliable information source on where and what to conserve ex-situ, for crop genepools of global importance
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Identification and Validation of miRNA Target Sites Within Nontraditional miRNA Targets.
- Younger ST1, Corey DR.
- Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2015;1206:53-67. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1369-5_5.
- miRNAs are endogenous small RNAs that regulate gene expression through recognition of complementary RNA sequences. While miRNAs have generally been understood to repress gene expression posttranscriptionally through recognition of 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of mRNA transcripts, they have the
- PMID 25240886
- Retinoid acid-related orphan receptor γ, RORγ, participates in diurnal transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolic genes.
- Takeda Y1, Kang HS1, Lih FB2, Jiang H3, Blaner WS3, Jetten AM4.
- Nucleic acids research.Nucleic Acids Res.2014 Dec 1;42(16):10448-59. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku766. Epub 2014 Aug 20.
- The hepatic circadian clock plays a pivotal role in regulating major aspects of energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. In this study, we show that RORγ robustly regulates the rhythmic expression of several lipid metabolic genes, including the insulin-induced gene 2a, Insig2a, elongation of very l
- PMID 25143535
- Sublethal exposure of organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos alters cellular iron metabolism in hepatocytes and macrophages.
- Sun L1, Zhang S1, Guo W1, He W1, Qian Y1, Qu G1, Ji H2, Rong H2, Liu S1.
- International journal of molecular medicine.Int J Mol Med.2014 Nov;34(5):1395-400. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1902. Epub 2014 Aug 18.
- Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is commonly used for agricultural and domestic applications, and its contamination is widely detected in environmental media, and in a broad spectrum of field crops, fruits and vegetables. CPF exposure causes many adverse effects on human health including hepatoxicity, neurotoxici
- PMID 25176568
Japanese Journal
- Climatic Variability and Impacts on Biodiversity at Local Level : A case Study from Kanchanjanga Conservation Area, Nepal
- Devkota Bimala Devi,Paudel Prem Prasad,Bhuju Dinesh Raj,Kubota Tetsuya,久保田 哲也
- Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 57(2), 453-459, 2012-09-20
- … Impacts of climatic variability on biodiversity and livelihood aspects were examined in Kanchanjunga Conservation Area (KCA) Nepal .The area is characterized with unique gene pool, cultural, archeological, and historic values. …
- NAID 120004756200
- A Comparative Analysis of the Molecular Characteristics of the Arabidopsis CoA Pyrophosphohydrolases AtNUDX11, 15, and 15a
- ITO Daisuke,YOSHIMURA Kazuya,ISHIKAWA Kazuya,OGAWA Takahisa,MARUTA Takanori,SHIGEOKA Shigeru
- Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 76(1), 139-147, 2012-01-23
- … Although much is known about CoA biosynthesis, it is unclear how the CoA pool is regulated the various cellular compartments. … gene, and carried out comparative studies of the gene regulation, the kinetic parameters, and the intracellular localization of AtNUDX11, 15, and 15a. …
- NAID 10030398798
- Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in the sub-Himalayan Terai and Duars populations of East India
- DEBNATH Monojit,PALANICHAMY Malliya G,MITRA Bikash,JIN Jie-Qiong,CHAUDHURI Tapas K,ZHANG Ya-Ping
- Journal of human genetics 56(11), 765-771, 2011-11-01
- NAID 10030661549
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Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- gene cluster、gene pool
- 関
- 遺伝子群
[★]
- 関
- amass、cache、depot、pooling、preservation、preserve、repository、reserve、reservoir、stock、storage、store
[★]
- 関
- accumulate、accumulation、pool、preservation、preserve、reserve、retention、storage、store