前頭部、前頭、額

関: frontal、procephalic

WordNet

of or relating to the front of an advancing mass of air; "frontal rainfall"
a drapery that covers the front of an altar
meeting front to front; "a frontal attack"; "a head-on collision" (同)head-on
belonging to the front part; "a frontal appendage"
of or adjacent to the forehead or frontal bone; "the frontal lobes"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『額』(ひたい),前額部
正面の,前面の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/12 00:19:30」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

In human anatomy, the forehead is an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond.^[1]^[2]

In Terminologia Anatomica, "sinciput" is given as the Latin equivalent to "forehead".

Structure

The forehead comprises, and the musculature and skin of the forehead lies above, the portion of the frontal bone of the skull that is known as the squama frontalis, the plate-like portion of the frontal bone.^[3]^[4]

The sensory nerves of the forehead connect to the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and the cervical plexus, and lie within the subcutaneous fat. The motor nerves of the forehead connect to the facial nerve.^[2]

The musculature of the forehead comprises the occipitofrontalis, procerus, and corrugator supercilii muscles, all of which are controlled by the temporal branch of the facial nerve.^[2]

Blood supply to the forehead is via the left and right superorbital, supertrochealar, and anterior branches of the temporal artery.^[2]

The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, the supraorbital nerve, divides at the orbital rim into two parts in the forehead. One part, the superficial division, runs over the surface of the Occipitofrontalis muscle. This provides sensation for the skin of the forehead, and for the front (anterior) edge of the scalp. The other part, the deep division, runs into the Occipitofrontalis muscle and provides frontoparietal sensation.^[1]

Function

Expression

The muscles of the forehead help to form facial expressions. There are four basic motions, which can occur individually or in combination to form different expressions. The occipitofrontalis muscles can raise the eyebrows, either together or singly, forming expressions of surprise and quizzicality. The corrugator supercilii muscles can pull the eyebrows inwards and down, forming a frown. The procerus muscles can pull down the centre portions of the eyebrows.^[5]

Wrinkles

The movements of the muscles in the forehead produce characteristic wrinkles in the skin. The occipitofrontalis muscles produce the transverse wrinkles across the width of the forehead, and the corrugator supercilii muscles produce vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows above the nose. The procerus muscles cause the nose to wrinkle.^[5]

Society and culture

In physiognomy and phrenology, the shape of the forehead was taken to symbolise intellect and intelligence. "Animals, even the most intelligent of them,", wrote Samuel R. Wells in 1942, "can hardly be said to have any forehead at all, and in natural total idiots it is very diminished".^[6]

Pseudo-Aristotle, in Physiognomica, stated that the forehead is governed by Mars.^[7] A low and little forehead denoted magnanimity, boldness, and confidence; a fleshy and wrinkle-free forehead, litigiousness, vanity, deceit, and contentiousness; a sharp forehead, weakness and fickleness; a wrinkled forehead, great spirit and wit yet poor fortune; a round forehead, virtue and good understanding; a full large forehead, boldness, malice, boundary issues, and high spirit; and a long high forehead, honesty, weakness, simplicity, and poor fortune.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b David M. Knize and Mel Drisko (2001). The Forehead and Temporal Fossa: Anatomy and Technique. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 4. ISBN 9780781720748.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Valencia D. Thomas, Wendy Long Mitchell, Neil A. Swanson, Thomas E. Rohrer, and Ken K. Lee (2007). "Reconstructive surgery of Skin Cancer defects". In Keyvan Nouri. Skin Cancer. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 523. ISBN 9780071472562.
^ Diane H. Gronefeld (1998). Radiographic anatomy & positioning: an integrated approach. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 321. ISBN 9780838582381.
^ Elaine Nicpon Marieb and Katja Hoehn (2007). Human anatomy & physiology (7th ed.). Pearson Education. p. 204. ISBN 9780321372949.
^ ^a ^b Nigel Palastanga, Derek Field, and Roger Soames (2006). "Head and Brain". Anatomy and human movement (5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 645–646. ISBN 9780750688147.
^ Samuel R. Wells (1998). "The Forehead". New Physiognomy Or Signs of Character as Manifested Through Temperament and External Forms and Especially in the Human Face Divine (reprint ed.). Kessinger Publishing. p. 260. ISBN 9780766103573.
^ ^a ^b Aristotle (1828). William Salmon, ed. The Works of Aristotle. New England. p. 71.

External links

Media related to Foreheads at Wikimedia Commons
Forehead at eMedicine Dictionary

UpToDate Contents

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5. 萎縮性毛孔性角化症 keratosis pilaris atrophicans

English Journal

Nodules on the Forehead Associated With Generalized Lymphadenopathy.

Lobato-Berezo A1, Burgos-Lázaro F2, Gallego-Valdés MÁ3.
Actas dermo-sifiliograficas.Actas Dermosifiliogr.2015 Sep;106(7):579-580. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.01.013. Epub 2015 Apr 14.
PMID 25882674

A familial 7q36.3 duplication associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum.

Wong K1, Moldrich R2, Hunter M1,3, Edwards M4, Finlay D5, O'Donnell S3, MacDougall T6, Bain N7, Kamien B1,3.
American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2015 Sep;167(9):2201-8. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37143. Epub 2015 May 5.
Small chromosomal duplications involving 7q36.3 have rarely been reported. This clinical report describes four individuals from a three-generation family with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) and a 0.73 Mb duplication of 7q36.3 detected by array CGH. The 7q36.3 duplication involves two genes:
PMID 25944787

Autistic and Rett-like features associated with 2q33.3-q34 interstitial deletion.

Jang DH1, Chae H2,3, Kim M2,3.
American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2015 Sep;167(9):2213-8. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37119. Epub 2015 Apr 21.
We describe the fourth reported case of a de novo 2q33.3-q34 interstitial deletion and review the literature in attempt to identify relevant candidate genes. A 15-month-old female patient presented for evaluation with poor eye contact and developmental delay. She had microcephaly and mild dysmorphic
PMID 25899208

Japanese Journal

Investigation of Bispectral Index Asymmetry in Patients with Cerebral Infarction

Sawada Masahiro,Yoshida Hitoshi,Hirota Kazuyoshi
弘前医学 65(2-4), 156-163, 2014-09-30
… Bispectral index（ BIS） monitoring is widely used for assessing the depth of anesthesia using a unilateral forehead electroencephalogram. … BIS was monitored by symmetrically attaching BIS sensors to the forehead, while anesthesia was induced and maintained with mainly propofol. …
NAID 120005496548

脳血液量を利用したALS患者のYes/NO意思伝達方法の改良 : 左額と右額の測定による正答率の差の検討 (福祉情報工学)

小澤邦昭,内藤正美,田中尚樹 [他]
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 114(217), 19-23, 2014-09-12
NAID 40020224964

医工連携による血中ノルアドレナリン低下を安全にもたらす新しい技術(研究発表,第38回生命情報科学シンポジウム)

亀井勉
Journal of International Society of Life Information Science 32(2), 193-198, 2014-09-01
以前にメンタルリラクセーションのための光フィードバック(PFB)が開発されたが、閉眼した目の前から点滅光を与えるため、その効果の有無は人によりさまざまであった。私は、この眼に点滅光を与えることによる物理的ストレスを避けるため、PFB-前頭部α波パルス光同調法(PFB-FAPPS)を開発した。PFB-FAPPSシステムでは、電極Fp2から検出された脳波のうちのα波成分を(中心周波数10.0Hzの)バ …
NAID 110009840855

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「104F003」
リンク元	「frontal」「前頭部」「前頭」「procephalic」「額」

「104F003」

Forehead
Details
Latin	sinciput
System	Unknown, none
Artery	supraorbital, supratrochlear
Vein	supraorbital, frontal
Nerve	trigeminal, facial
Identifiers
MeSH	A01.456.505.580
Dorlands; /Elsevier	f_16z/12379682
TA	A01.1.00.002
FMA	FMA:46448
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★]

一般用語と専門用語の組合せで誤っているのはどれか。

[正答]

※国試ナビ4※　［104F002］←［国試_104］→［104F004］

「frontal」

　　[★]

adj.

前面の、前額の、前頭部の、前頭の、先端の

関: acral、forehead、front、procephalic、tip

「前頭部」

　　[★]

英: forehead、frontal、procephalic
関: 前額、前頭、先端、前面、額

「前頭」

　　[★]

英: forehead、frontal
関: 前額、先端、前面、前頭部、額

「procephalic」

　　[★]

前頭部の

関: forehead、frontal

「額」

　　[★]

英: forehead
関: 前頭、前頭部

[KnizeDrisko-1] David M. Knize and Mel Drisko (2001). The Forehead and Temporal Fossa: Anatomy and Technique. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 4. ISBN 9780781720748.

[Nouri1-2] Valencia D. Thomas, Wendy Long Mitchell, Neil A. Swanson, Thomas E. Rohrer, and Ken K. Lee (2007). "Reconstructive surgery of Skin Cancer defects". In Keyvan Nouri. Skin Cancer. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 523. ISBN 9780071472562.

[3] Diane H. Gronefeld (1998). Radiographic anatomy & positioning: an integrated approach. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 321. ISBN 9780838582381.

[4] Elaine Nicpon Marieb and Katja Hoehn (2007). Human anatomy & physiology (7th ed.). Pearson Education. p. 204. ISBN 9780321372949.

[PalastangaFieldSoames-5] Nigel Palastanga, Derek Field, and Roger Soames (2006). "Head and Brain". Anatomy and human movement (5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 645–646. ISBN 9780750688147.

[6] Samuel R. Wells (1998). "The Forehead". New Physiognomy Or Signs of Character as Manifested Through Temperament and External Forms and Especially in the Human Face Divine (reprint ed.). Kessinger Publishing. p. 260. ISBN 9780766103573.

[Aristotle-7] Aristotle (1828). William Salmon, ed. The Works of Aristotle. New England. p. 71.

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案内

forehead