WordNet
- for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls; "the female lead in the play"; "a female chorus"
- an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa)
- a person who belongs to the sex that can have babies (同)female person
- characteristic of or peculiar to a woman; "female sensitiveness"; "female suffrage" (同)distaff
- being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop; "a female heir"; "female holly trees bear the berries"
- the nucleus of the ovum or sperm after fertilization but before they fuse to form the nucleus of the zygote
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (動植物について)『雌の』 / (特に性を区別して)『女の』,女性の / (ねじ・差し込みなど)雌の / 『雌』;(性別上の)『女性』 / 《話》女性,婦人
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/05/25 17:42:37」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The process of fertilization in the ovum of a mouse.
A pronucleus (plural: pronuclei) is the nucleus of a sperm or an egg cell during the process of fertilization, after the sperm enters the ovum, but before they fuse. Sperm and egg cells are haploid, meaning they carry half the number of chromosomes. The male and female pronuclei don't fuse, although their genetic material does. Instead, their membranes dissolve, leaving no barriers between the male and female chromosomes. Their chromosomes can then combine and become part of a single diploid nucleus in the resulting embryo, containing a full set of chromosomes.
The appearance of two pronuclei is the first sign of successful fertilization as observed during in vitro fertilisation, and is usually observed 18 hours after insemination or ICSI. The zygote is then termed a two-pronuclear zygote (2PN). Two-pronuclear zygotes transitioning through 1PN or 3PN states tend to develop into poorer-quality embryos than ones who remain 2PN throughout development,[1] and may be significant in embryo selection in IVF.
References
- ^ Reichman DE, Jackson KV, Racowsky C (May 2009). "Incidence and development of zygotes exhibiting abnormal pronuclear disposition after identification of two pronuclei at the fertilization check". Fertil. Steril. 94 (3): 965–970. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.018. PMID 19476942.
External links
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Look up pronucleus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Generation of Foxo3-targeted Mice by Injection of mRNAs Encoding Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) into Zygotes.
- Zhu P1, Liu Q, Liu S, Su X, Feng W, Lei X, Liu J, Cui K, Huang B, Shi D.
- Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene.Reprod Domest Anim.2015 Jun;50(3):474-83. doi: 10.1111/rda.12515. Epub 2015 Mar 20.
- In this study, for exploring the mechanism of forkhead box O3(Foxo3) participating in regulation of the activation of primordial oocytes, Foxo3-targeted mice were generated by injection of mRNAs encoding transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) into mouse zygotes. The TALEN sites wer
- PMID 25800339
- Impaired active DNA demethylation in zygotes generated by round spermatid injection.
- Kurotaki YK1, Hatanaka Y2, Kamimura S1, Oikawa M2, Inoue H3, Ogonuki N2, Inoue K1, Ogura A4.
- Human reproduction (Oxford, England).Hum Reprod.2015 May;30(5):1178-87. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev039. Epub 2015 Mar 3.
- STUDY QUESTION: Is the poor development of embryos generated from round spermatid injection (ROSI) in humans and animals associated with abnormal active DNA demethylation SUMMARY ANSWER: A significant proportion of ROSI-derived embryos failed to undergo active DNA demethylation.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
- PMID 25740879
Japanese Journal
- Cold-shock eliminates female nucleus in fertilized eggs to induce androgenesis in the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), a teleost fish.
- Morishima Kagayaki,Fujimoto Takafumi,Sato Mami,Kawae Ayako,Zhao Yan,Yamaha Etsuro,Arai Katsutoshi
- BMC Biotechnology 11(1), 116, 2011-11-29
- … The most likely mechanism of cold-shock induced androgenesis is an elimination of the egg nucleus together along with the second polar body and subsequent development of a decondensed sperm nucleus or male pronucleus. …
- NAID 120003702855
- Improvement of Porcine Oocytes with Low Developmental Ability after Fusion of Cytoplasmic Fragments Prepared by Serial Centrifugation
- Viet Linh Nguyen,Kikuchi Kazuhiro,Nakai Michiko [他],NOGUCHI Junko,KANEKO Hiroyuki,DANG-NGUYEN Thanh Quang,MAEDOMARI Naoki,NGUYEN Bui Xuan,NAGAI Takashi,MANABE Noboru
- The Journal of reproduction and development 57(5), 620-626, 2011-10-01
- … In the fused groups, female pronucleus (FPN) formation rates were higher than that in the DO24 group after parthenogenetic activation (PA); … After in vitro fertilization, the male pronucleus (MPN) formation rates in the fused groups were similar to that in the control group and higher than that in the DO24 group; …
- NAID 10029878394
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- female pronucleus the haploid nucleus of the fully mature oocyte, which loses its nuclear envelope and liberates its chromosomes to meet the synapsis with those from the male pronucleus. male pronucleus the nuclear material of ...
Related Pictures
![nuclear copulation 1 female pronucleus](https://1mg.info/0/8/2/0197.jpg)
![female pronucleus 2 male pronucleus 3](https://1mg.info/0/8/2/0198.jpg)
![2402402718_74efe014ea_z.jpg](https://1mg.info/0/8/2/0199.jpg)
![female pronucleus 2 male pronucleus 3](https://1mg.info/0/8/2/0200.jpg)
![male pronucleus and female pronucleus](https://1mg.info/0/8/2/0201.jpg)
★リンクテーブル★
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雌性前核
- 関
- female pronucleus
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- 関
- female sex、females、glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta、male、woman、women
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- 関
- anterior nuclei、anterior nucleus、pronuclear、pronuclei