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(physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons; "particles in space exist in the form of a plasma"
a green slightly translucent variety of chalcedony used as a gemstone
the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) are suspended (同)plasm, blood_plasma
a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy

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(また『blood plasma』)血漿,リンパ漿 / 原形質
ブドウ糖

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/09 14:56:35」(JST)

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A glucose test is a type of blood test used to determine the amount of glucose in the blood. It is mainly used in screening for any prediabetes or diabetes.^[1] In people already having diabetes, blood glucose monitoring is used with frequent intervals in the management of the condition.^[1]

There are several different kinds of glucose tests:

Fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG): 12 hours after eating
Postprandial glucose test (PC): 2 hours after eating
Glucose tolerance test^[2]: continuous testing
Random glucose test

Reference ranges

Fasting blood sugar

A range of 4 to 7 mmol/l (72 to 126 mg/dl) before a meal is normal. Continual fasting levels of 5.5 to 7 mmol/l (101-125 mg/dl) causes concern of possible prediabetes and may be worth monitoring. 7 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) and above means a risk of diabetes.^{[citation needed]}

After a 12 hour fast, a range of 3.9 to under 5.5 mmol/l (70.2 to 100 mg/dl) is normal (a level of 5.6 to under 7 mmol/l (100 to 126 mg/dl) is considered a sign of prediabetes).^{[citation needed]}

Postprandial glucose

Main article: Postprandial glucose test

A level of < 10 mmol/l (180 mg/dl) 90 minutes after a meal is normal.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b MedlinePlus > Blood glucose monitoring Update Date: 6/17/2008. Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD. In turn citing: American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes -- 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:S12-S54.
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Glucose tolerance test

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1. 2型糖尿病のスクリーニング screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus
2. 成人における糖尿病の臨床症状および診断 clinical presentation and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adults
3. 小児および思春期における2型糖尿病の疫学、症状、および診断 epidemiology presentation and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents
4. 成人の2型糖尿病における血糖の初期マネージメント initial management of blood glucose in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
5. 2型糖尿病の治療のためのジペプチジルペプチダーゼ4（DPP-4）阻害剤 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 dpp 4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

English Journal

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prebiotics and synbiotics effects on glycaemia, insulin concentrations and lipid parameters in adult patients with overweight or obesity.

Beserra BT1, Fernandes R1, do Rosario VA1, Mocellin MC1, Kuntz MG1, Trindade EB2.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland).Clin Nutr.2015 Oct;34(5):845-58. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.10.004. Epub 2014 Oct 20.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Several studies have reported the effects of prebiotics and synbiotics supplementation in lipid profile and glucose homeostasis, however a pooled analysis of clinical trials that assessed these parameters has not been performed in overweight or obese individuals. The aim of th
PMID 25456608

The association of leptin and homocysteine with renal function impairment in a population of Taiwanese adults.

Chen JY1, Tsai YW1, Chen SY2, Ho CI1, Weng YM2, Hsiao CT3, Li WC4.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland).Clin Nutr.2015 Oct;34(5):943-50. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 7.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Higher levels of leptin and homocysteine (Hcy) have been evaluated as risk factors of chronic kidney disease in patients and general population. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the associations of leptin and Hcy levels and renal function a representa
PMID 25453393

Effect of niacin on lipids and glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.

Ding Y1, Li Y2, Wen A3.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland).Clin Nutr.2015 Oct;34(5):838-44. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.09.019. Epub 2014 Sep 28.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of niacin on serum lipids and glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODS: A comprehensive literature search in Medline, Scopus, AMED, Cochrane and Clinical trial registry databases was per
PMID 25306426

Japanese Journal

空腹時血糖正常者における血糖と血圧の関係

下平雅規,岡庭信司,羽生憲直
人間ドック = Ningen Dock : official journal of the Japanese Society of Human Dry Dock 29(5), 716-722, 2015-03
NAID 40020415299

Plasma glucose monitoring and the subsequent HbA1c control in patients with type 2 diabetes on a basal supported oral therapy regimen in real life : subanalysis of the ALOHA study : a 24-week, prospective, open-label, multicenter, observational study

Odawara Masato,Kadowaki Takashi,Naito Yusuke
Diabetology international 6(1), 66-76, 2015
NAID 40020406101

Significance of Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with a Fasting Plasma Glucose Level of <126 mg/dL and HbA1c Level of ≤6.4% in Japan

, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Internal Medicine 54(8), 875-880, 2015
… Objective The aim of this study was to clarify the indications for oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) subjects with a HbA1c level of ≤6.4%, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of <126 mg/dL and no history of diabetes. … The plasma glucose and insulin levels were analyzed periodically for three hours during the OGTT examinations. …
NAID 130005065245