眼疾患、眼病

関: eye disorder、ophthalmopathy

WordNet

look at (同)eyeball
a small hole or loop (as in a needle); "the thread wouldnt go through the eye"
the organ of sight (同)oculus, optic
attention to what is seen; "he tried to catch her eye"
good discernment (either visually or as if visually); "she has an eye for fresh talent"; "he has an artists eye"
an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological
having an eye or eyes or eyelike feature especially as specified; often used in combination; "a peacocks eyed feathers"; "red-eyed"
the base of the natural system of logarithms; approximately equal to 2.718282...

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(人・動物の器官としての)『目』 / 〈C〉(まぶた・まつ毛・まゆ毛などを含めて,外側からみえる)『目』,目の周り / 〈C〉(目の)虹彩 / 〈C〉『視力』,視覚 / 〈C〉《単数形で》『視線』,まなざし / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》警戒(観察,監視)の目 / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(…に対する)鑑識眼,物を見る目,(…を)見分ける力《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》物の見方;観点 / 〈C〉目に似たようなもの(じゃがいもの芽・クジャクの羽の眼状の点など) / 〈C〉針の目,めど / 〈C〉(かぎ・ホックの)受け / 〈C〉台風の目 / (好奇・疑いなどの目で)…‘を'じろじろ見る,注意して見る
(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/13 17:57:01」(JST)

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This is a partial list of human eye diseases and disorders.

The World Health Organization publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, or ICD-10. This list uses that classification.

1 H00-H06 Disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit
2 H10-H13 Disorders of Conjuctiva
3 H15-H22 Disorders of sclera, cornea, iris and ciliary body
4 H25-H28 Disorders of lens
5 H30-H36 Disorders of choroid and retina
- 5.1 H30 Chorioretinal inflammation
- 5.2 H31 Other disorders of choroid
- 5.3 H32 Chorioretinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere
- 5.4 H33 Retinal detachments and breaks
- 5.5 H34 Retinal vascular occlusions
- 5.6 H35 Other retinal disorders
- 5.7 H36 Retinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere
6 H40-H42 Glaucoma
7 H43-H45 Disorders of vitreous body and globe
8 H46-H48 Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways
9 H49-H52 Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction
10 H53-H54.9 Visual disturbances and blindness
11 H55-H59 Other disorders of eye and adnexa
12 Other codes
13 See also
14 Notes
15 References

H00-H06 Disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit[edit source | edit]

(H00.0) Hordeolum ("stye" or "sty") — a bacterial infection of sebaceous glands of eyelashes.
(H00.1) Chalazion — a cyst in the eyelid (usually upper eyelid)
(H01.0) Blepharitis — inflammation of eyelids and eyelashes; characterized by white flaky skin near the eyelashes
(H02.0) Entropion and trichiasis
(H02.1) Ectropion
(H02.2) Lagophthalmos
(H02.3) Blepharochalasis
(H02.4) Ptosis
(H02.6) Xanthelasma of eyelid
(H03.0*) Parasitic infestation of eyelid in diseases classified elsewhere
- Dermatitis of eyelid due to Demodex species ( B88.0+ )
- Parasitic infestation of eyelid in:
  - leishmaniasis ( B55.-+ )
  - loiasis ( B74.3+ )
  - onchocerciasis ( B73+ )
  - phthiriasis ( B85.3+ )
(H03.1*) Involvement of eyelid in other infectious diseases classified elsewhere
- Involvement of eyelid in:
  - herpesviral (herpes simplex) infection ( B00.5+ )
  - leprosy ( A30.-+ )
  - molluscum contagiosum ( B08.1+ )
  - tuberculosis ( A18.4+ )
  - yaws ( A66.-+ )
  - zoster ( B02.3+ )
(H03.8*) Involvement of eyelid in other diseases classified elsewhere
- Involvement of eyelid in impetigo ( L01.0+ )
(H04.0) Dacryoadenitis
(H04.2) Epiphora
(H06.2*) Dysthyroid exophthalmos it is shown that if your eye comes out that it will shrink because the optic fluids drain out

H10-H13 Disorders of Conjuctiva[edit source | edit]

(H10.0) Conjunctivitis - inflammation of the conjunctiva commonly due to an infection or an allergic reaction

H15-H22 Disorders of sclera, cornea, iris and ciliary body[edit source | edit]

(H15.0) Scleritis — a painful inflammation of the sclera
(H16) Keratitis — inflammation of the cornea
(H16.0) Corneal ulcer / Corneal abrasion — loss of the surface epithelial layer of the eye's cornea
(H16.1) Snow blindness / Arc eye — a painful condition caused by exposure of unprotected eyes to bright light
(H16.1) Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
(H16.4) Corneal neovascularization
(H18.5) Fuchs' dystrophy — cloudy morning vision
(H18.6) Keratoconus — degenerative disease: the cornea thins and changes shape to be more like a cone than a parabole
(H19.3) Keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eyes
(H20.0) Iritis — inflammation of the iris
(H20.0, H44.1) Uveitis — inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye; Sympathetic ophthalmia is a subset.

H25-H28 Disorders of lens[edit source | edit]

(H25-H26) Cataract — the lens becomes opaque

H30-H36 Disorders of choroid and retina[edit source | edit]

H30 Chorioretinal inflammation[edit source | edit]

(H30) Chorioretinal inflammation

(H30.0) Focal chorioretinal inflammation
- Focal:
  - chorioretinitis
  - choroiditis
  - retinitis
  - retinochoroiditis
(H30.1) Disseminated chorioretinal inflammation
- Disseminated:
  - chorioretinitis
  - choroiditis
  - retinitis
  - retinochoroiditis

Excludes: exudative retinopathy (H35.0)

(H30.2) Posterior cyclitis
- Pars planitis
(H30.8) Other chorioretinal inflammations
- Harada's disease
(H30.9) Chorioretinal inflammation, unspecified
- Chorioretinitis
- Choroiditis
- Retinitis
- Retinochoroiditis^[1]

H31 Other disorders of choroid[edit source | edit]

(H31) Other disorders of choroid

(H31.0) Chorioretinal scars
- Macula scars of posterior pole (postinflammatory) (post-traumatic)
- Solar retinopathy
(H31.1) Choroidal degeneration
- Atrophy
- Sclerosis
  - Excludes: angioid streaks (H35.3)
(H31.2) Hereditary choroidal dystrophy
- Choroideremia
- Dystrophy, choroidal (central areolar) (generalized) (peripapillary)
- Gyrate atrophy, choroid
  - Excludes: ornithinaemia ( E72.4 )
(H31.3) Choroidal haemorrhage and rupture
- Choroidal haemorrhage:
  - NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)
  - expulsive
(H31.4) Choroidal detachment
(H31.8) Other specified disorders of choroid
(H31.9) Disorder of choroid, unspecified ^[1]

H32 Chorioretinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere[edit source | edit]

(H32) Chorioretinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere

(H32.0) Chorioretinal inflammation in infectious and parasitic diseases classified elsewhere
- Chorioretinitis:
  - syphilitic, late ( A52.7+ )
  - toxoplasma ( B58.0+ )
  - tuberculous ( A18.5+ )
(H32.8) Other chorioretinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere ^[1]

H33 Retinal detachments and breaks[edit source | edit]

(H33) Retinal detachment — the retina detaches from the choroid, leading to blurred and distorted vision
(H33.1) Retinoschisis — the retina separates into several layers and may detach

H34 Retinal vascular occlusions[edit source | edit]

H35 Other retinal disorders[edit source | edit]

(H35.0) Hypertensive retinopathy — burst blood vessels, due to long-term high blood pressure
- (H35.0/E10-E14) Diabetic retinopathy — damage to the retina caused by complications of diabetes mellitus, which could eventually lead to blindness
(H35.0-H35.2) Retinopathy — general term referring to non-inflammatory damage to the retina
(H35.1) Retinopathy of prematurity — scarring and retinal detachment in premature babies
(H35.3) Age-related macular degeneration — the photosensitive cells in the macula malfunction and over time cease to work
(H35.3) Macular degeneration — loss of central vision, due to macular degeneration
- Bull's Eye Maculopathy

(H35.3) Epiretinal membrane — a transparent layer forms and tightens over the retina
(H35.4) Peripheral retinal degeneration
(H35.5) Hereditary retinal dystrophy
(H35.5) Retinitis pigmentosa — genetic disorder; tunnel vision preceded by night-blindness
(H35.6) Retinal haemorrhage
(H35.7) Separation of retinal layers
- Central serous retinopathy
- Retinal detachment: Detachment of retinal pigment epithelium
(H35.8) Other specified retinal disorders
(H35.81) Macular edema — distorted central vision, due to a swollen macula
(H35.9) Retinal disorder, unspecified ^[1]

H36 Retinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere[edit source | edit]

(H36.0)

H40-H42 Glaucoma[edit source | edit]

(H40-H42) Glaucoma — optic neuropathy
- (H40.0) Glaucoma suspect — ocular hypertension
- (H40.1) Primary open-angle glaucoma
- (H40.2) Primary angle-closure glaucoma

H43-H45 Disorders of vitreous body and globe[edit source | edit]

(H43.9) Floaters — shadow-like shapes which appear singly or together with several others in the field of vision

H46-H48 Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways[edit source | edit]

(H47.2) Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy — genetic disorder; loss of central vision
(H47.3) Optic disc drusen — globules progressively calcify in the optic disc, compressing the vasculature and optic nerve fibers

H49-H52 Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction[edit source | edit]

(H49-H50) Strabismus (Crossed eye/Wandering eye/Walleye) — the eyes do not point in the same direction
- (H49.3-4) Ophthalmoparesis — the partial or total paralysis of the eye muscles
- (H49.4) Progressive external ophthalmoplegia — weakness of the external eye muscles
- (H50.0, H50.3) Esotropia — the tendency for eyes to become cross-eyed
- (H50.1, H50.3) Exotropia — the tendency for eyes to look outward
H52 Disorders of refraction and accommodation
- (H52.0) Hypermetropia (Farsightedness) — the inability to focus on near objects (and in extreme cases, any objects)
- (H52.1) Myopia (Nearsightedness) — distant objects appear blurred
- (H52.2) Astigmatism — the cornea or the lens of the eye is not perfectly spherical, resulting in different focal points in different planes
- (H52.3) Anisometropia — the lenses of the two eyes have different focal lengths
- (H52.4) Presbyopia — a condition that occurs with growing age and results in the inability to focus on close objects
- (H52.5) Disorders of accommodation
  - Internal ophthalmoplegia

H53-H54.9 Visual disturbances and blindness[edit source | edit]

(H53.0) Amblyopia (lazy eye) — poor or blurry vision due to either no transmission or poor transmission of the visual image to the brain
(H53.0) Leber's congenital amaurosis — genetic disorder; appears at birth, characterised by sluggish or no pupillary responses
(H53.1, H53.4) Scotoma (blind spot) — an area impairment of vision surrounded by a field of relatively well-preserved vision. See also Anopsia.
(H53.5) Color blindness — the inability to perceive differences between some or all colors that other people can distinguish
- (H53.5) Achromatopsia / Maskun — a low cone count or lack of function in cone cells
(H53.6) Nyctalopia (Nightblindness) — a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in the dark
(H54) Blindness — the brain does not receive optical information, through various causes
- (H54/B73) River blindness — blindness caused by long-term infection by a parasitic worm (rare in western societies)
- (H54.9) Micropthalmia/coloboma — a disconnection between the optic nerve and the brain and/or spinal cord

H55-H59 Other disorders of eye and adnexa[edit source | edit]

(H57.9) Red eye — conjunctiva appears red typically due to illness or injury
(H58.0) Argyll Robertson pupil — small, unequal, irregularly shaped pupils

Other codes[edit source | edit]

The following are not classified as diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59) by the World Health Organization:^[2]

(B36.1) Keratomycosis — fungal infection of the cornea
(E50.6-E50.7) Xerophthalmia — dry eyes, caused by vitamin A deficiency
(Q13.1) Aniridia — a rare congenital eye condition leading to underdevelopment or even absence of the iris of the eye

Notes[edit source | edit]

Please see the References section below for the complete listing of information.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d World Health Organization ICD-10 codes: Diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59). [1]. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
^ International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th Revision. Version for 2007. [2]

References[edit source | edit]

WHO ICD-10 — Chapter VII Diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59)
Vision Problems - Comprehensive List of Eye Problems

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English Journal

Epigenetics and ocular diseases: from basic biology to clinical study.

Yan B1, Yao J, Tao ZF, Jiang Q.Author information 1Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.AbstractEpigenetics is an emerging field in ophthalmology and has opened a new avenue for understanding ocular development and ocular diseases related to aging and environment. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and deployment of non-coding RNAs, result in the heritable silencing of gene expression without any change in DNA sequence. Accumulating evidence suggests a potential link between gene expression, chromatin structure, non-coding RNAs, and cellular differentiation during ocular development. Disruption of the balance of epigenetic networks could become the etiology of several ocular diseases. Here, we summarized the current knowledge about epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in ocular development and diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 825-833, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 Jul;229(7):825-33. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24522.
Epigenetics is an emerging field in ophthalmology and has opened a new avenue for understanding ocular development and ocular diseases related to aging and environment. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and deployment of non-coding RNAs, r
PMID 24318407

Effect of intraocular pressure on the hemodynamics of the central retinal artery: A mathematical model.

Guidoboni G1, Harris A, Carichino L, Arieli Y, Siesky BA.Author information 1Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indiana University - Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States. gguidobo@math.iupui.edu.AbstractRetinal hemodynamics plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of several ocular diseases. There are clear evidences that the hemodynamics of the central retinal artery (CRA) is strongly affected by the level of intraocular pressure (IOP), which is the pressure inside the eye globe. However, the mechanisms through which this occurs are still elusive. The main goal of this paper is to develop a mathematical model that combines the mechanical action of IOP and the blood flow in the CRA to elucidate the mechanisms through which IOP elevation affects the CRA hemodynamics. Our model suggests that the development of radial compressive regions in the lamina cribrosa (a collagen structure in the optic nerve pierced by the CRA approximately in its center) might be responsible for the clinically-observed blood velocity reduction in the CRA following IOP elevation. The predictions of the mathematical model are in very good agreement with experimental and clinical data. Our model also identifies radius and thickness of the lamina cribrosa as major factors affecting the IOP-CRA relationship, suggesting that anatomical differences among individuals might lead to different hemodynamic responses to IOP elevation.
Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE.Math Biosci Eng.2014 Jun 1;11(3):523-46. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.523.
Retinal hemodynamics plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of several ocular diseases. There are clear evidences that the hemodynamics of the central retinal artery (CRA) is strongly affected by the level of intraocular pressure (IOP), which is the pressure inside the eye globe. However, the m
PMID 24506550

Susceptibility loci for pigmentation and melanoma in relation to Parkinson's disease.

Dong J1, Gao J2, Nalls M3, Gao X4, Huang X5, Han J6, Singleton AB3, Chen H7; International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC).Author information 1Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.2Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.3Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA.4Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.5Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.6Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.7Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Electronic address: chenh2@niehs.nih.gov.AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have a lower risk for most types of cancer except for melanoma, which has a modest positive association with PD. Pigmentation genes have been hypothesized to contribute to this association. We therefore examined whether genetic susceptibility loci for pigmentation or melanoma was associated with PD risk in 2 large independent datasets. In the Parkinson's Genes and Environment (PAGE) study, we examined 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of pigmentation or melanoma in relation to PD among 808 PD cases and 1623 controls; furthermore, we also examined the colors of hair, eye, or skin and melanoma in relation to PD. In the International Parkinson's Disease Genomic Consortium (IPDGC), we examined a broader selection of 360 pigmentation or melanoma GWAS SNPs in relation to PD among 5,333 PD cases and 12,019 controls. All participants were non-Hispanic Whites. As expected, in the PAGE study, most SNPs were associated with 1 or more pigmentation phenotypes. However, neither these SNPs nor pigmentation phenotypes were associated with PD risk after Bonferroni correction with the exception of rs4911414 at the ASIP gene (p = .001). A total of 18 PD cases (2.2%) and 26 controls (1.6%) had a diagnosis of melanoma with an odds ratio of 1.3 (95% confidence interval: 0.7-2.4). In the IPDGC analysis, none of the 360 SNPs, including rs4911414, were associated with PD risk after adjusting for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, we did not find significant associations between GWAS SNPs of pigmentation or melanoma and the risk for PD.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2014 Jun;35(6):1512.e5-1512.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.020. Epub 2013 Dec 27.
Growing evidence suggests that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have a lower risk for most types of cancer except for melanoma, which has a modest positive association with PD. Pigmentation genes have been hypothesized to contribute to this association. We therefore examined whether genetic suscept
PMID 24439955