WordNet

derived or originating externally (同)exogenic
not essential; "the ballet struck me as extraneous and somewhat out of keeping with the rest of the play"
not belonging to that in which it is contained; introduced from an outside source; "water free of extraneous matter"; "foreign particles in milk" (同)foreign
not pertinent to the matter under consideration; "an issue extraneous to the debate"; "the price was immaterial"; "mentioned several impertinent facts before finally coming to the point" (同)immaterial, impertinent, orthogonal
of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own); "foreign trade"; "a foreign office"
relating to or originating in or characteristic of another place or part of the world; "foreign nations"; "a foreign accent"; "on business in a foreign city" (同)strange
a covered walkway (as in a cloister); "it has an ambulatory and seven chapels"
relating to or adapted for walking; "an ambulatory corridor"
associated by chance and not an integral part; "poetry is something to which words are the accidental, not by any means the essential form"- Frederick W. Robertson; "they had to decide whether his misconduct was adventitious or the result of a flaw in his character"
not forming an essential part of a thing or arising or originating from the outside; "extrinsic evidence"; "an extrinsic feature of the new building"; "that style is something extrinsic to the subject"; "looking for extrinsic aid"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(植物の生長が)外生の(木部年輪が外方へ追加されて生長すること) / 外因性の
外部からの,外来の;固有でない,異質の / 主題とほとんど(全く)関係のない,適切でない
『外国の』;外国からの;外国との / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》異質の,外部からの / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)無縁の,(…と)全く異なる《+『to』+『名』》
(患者が)歩行できる,外来の / 歩行に適した / 歩き(動き)回る / (遺言など)変更(取り消し)できる / (僧院の)回廊,歩廊
偶然の
固有でない付帯的な;(…にとって)非本質的な《+『to』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/30 17:01:43」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity (from Greek exo, meaning "outside", and gignomai, meaning "to produce") is the fact of an action or object originating externally. It contrasts with endogeny or endogeneity, the fact of being influenced within a system.

In an economic model, an exogenous change is one that comes from outside the model and is unexplained by the model. For example, in the simple supply and demand model, a change in consumer tastes or preferences is unexplained by the model and also leads to endogenous changes in demand that lead to changes in the equilibrium price. Similarly, a change in the consumer's income is given outside the model but affects demand. Put another way, an exogenous change involves an alteration of a variable that is autonomous, i.e., unaffected by the workings of the model.

In linear regression, an exogenous variable is independent of the random error term in the linear model.

In biology, an exogenous contrast agent in medical imaging for example, is a liquid injected into the patient intravenously that enhances visibility of a pathology, such as a tumor. An exogenous factor is any material that is present and active in an individual organism or living cell but that originated outside of that organism, as opposed to an endogenous factor.

- Exogenous factors in medicine include both pathogens and therapeutics.

- DNA introduced to cells via transfection or viral infection (transduction) is an exogenous factor.
- Carcinogens are exogenous factors.

In geography, exogenous processes all take place outside the Earth and all the other planets. Weathering, erosion, transportation and sedimentation are the main exogenous processes.

In attentional psychology, exogenous stimuli are external stimuli without conscious intention.^[1] An example of this is attention drawn to a flashing light in the periphery of vision.

In ludology, the study of games, an exogenous item is anything outside the game itself. Therefore an item in a massively multiplayer online game would have exogenous value if people were buying it with real world money rather than in-game currency (though its in-game cost would be endogenous).

In materials science, an exogenous property of a substance is derived from outside or external influences, such as a nano-doped material.

In philosophy, the origins of existence of self, or the identity of self, emanating from, or sustaining, outside of the natural or influenced realm, is exogenous.

References

^ Posner, M.I. (1980), Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32: 3 – 25.

External links

The dictionary definition of exogeny at Wiktionary

UpToDate Contents

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1. カンジダ属による外因性眼内炎の治療 treatment of exogenous endophthalmitis due to candida species
2. 真菌性眼内炎の疫学、臨床症状、および診断 epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis
3. 真菌による眼内炎の治療 treatment of endophthalmitis due to molds
4. 結核の皮膚症状 cutaneous manifestations of tuberculosis
5. 外因性甲状腺機能亢進症 exogenous hyperthyroidism

English Journal

Menstrual and reproductive factors in women, genetic variation in CYP17A1, and pancreatic cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Duell EJ, Travier N, Lujan-Barroso L, Dossus L, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Tumino R, Masala G, Krogh V, Panico S, Ricceri F, Redondo ML, Dorronsoro M, Molina-Montes E, Huerta JM, Barricarte A, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Allen NE, Travis R, Siersema PD, Peeters PH, Trichopoulou A, Fragogeorgi E, Oikonomou E, Boeing H, Schuetze M, Canzian F, Lukanova A, Tjønneland A, Roswall N, Overvad K, Weiderpass E, Gram IT, Lund E, Lindkvist B, Johansen D, Ye W, Sund M, Fedirko V, Jenab M, Michaud DS, Riboli E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB.SourceUnit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain. eduell@iconcologia.net.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2013 May 1;132(9):2164-75. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27875. Epub 2012 Oct 30.
Menstrual and reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use have been investigated as pancreatic cancer risk factors in case-control and cohort studies, but results have been inconsistent. We conducted a prospective examination of menstrual and reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use and pancre
PMID 23015357

Cascade of tau toxicity in inducible hippocampal brain slices and prevention by aggregation inhibitors.

Messing L, Decker JM, Joseph M, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow EM.SourceGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2013 May;34(5):1343-54. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.10.024. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
Mislocalization and aggregation of the axonal protein tau are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Here, we studied the relationship between tau aggregation, loss of spines and neurons, and reversibility by aggregation inhibitors. To this end we established an in vitro model of t
PMID 23158765

Exogenous CXCL12 activates protein kinase C to phosphorylate connexin 43 for gap junctional intercellular communication among confluent breast cancer cells.

Park JM, Munoz JL, Won BW, Bliss SA, Greco SJ, Patel SA, Kandouz M, Rameshwar P.SourceUMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Department of Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States; UMDNJ-Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Newark, NJ, United States.
Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2013 Apr 30;331(1):84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.12.007. Epub 2012 Dec 20.
Despite ongoing attempts to improve the overall breast cancer (BC) survival rate, BC cells' (BCCs) predilection for metastasizing to the bone marrow has enabled BCCs to not only remain dormant, but also evade detection. BCCs are able to acquire quiescence by establishing gap junctional intercellular
PMID 23262036

Role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α for interferon synthesis in mouse dendritic cells.

Wobben R, Hüsecken Y, Lodewick C, Gibbert K, Fandrey J, Winning S.AbstractAbstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are an important link between innate and adaptive immunity. DCs get activated in inflamed tissues where oxygen tension is usually low, which requires the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 for cellular adaptation. To investigate whether the HIF-1 transcriptional complex plays a pivotal role in the function of DCs, we compared the effects of exogenous inflammatory stimuli and hypoxia on HIF-1α in bone marrow-derived DCs from wild type and myeloid-specific HIF-1α knock-out mice. We showed that the Toll-like receptor ligands lipopolysaccharides and cytosine-phosphatidyl-guanines significantly induce HIF-1α mRNA and protein, leading to elevated HIF-1 target gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. In contrast, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid did not show comparable effects. Furthermore the potential to up-regulate inflammatory cytokines critically influences DC function. Our data demonstrate that HIF-1α protein is needed for adequate production of interferon-α and -β. In co-cultures of DCs and cytotoxic T cells, we observed that DCs lacking active HIF-1α protein induce significantly less CD278 and granzyme B mRNA in T cells. We conclude that HIF-1α plays a crucial role in DC interferon production and T cell activation, linking the innate and adaptive immune system.
Biological chemistry.Biol Chem.2013 Apr 1;394(4):495-505. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2012-0320.
Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are an important link between innate and adaptive immunity. DCs get activated in inflamed tissues where oxygen tension is usually low, which requires the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 for cellular adaptation. To investigate whether the HIF-1 tra
PMID 23362200

Japanese Journal

Sensing of Intracellular Environments by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Exogenous Fluorophores (A SPECIAL ISSUE ON MOLECULAR IMAGING FOR BIOANALYSIS)

NAKABAYASHI Takakazu,OHTA Nobuhiro
Analytical Sciences 31(4), 275-285, 2015-04
NAID 40020428732

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ROBUST DRIVER INATTENTION DETECTION SYSTEM

ZHANG ZHONG,OTHMAN MD RIZAL,IMAMURA TAKASHI [他]
ICIC express letters. Part B, Applications : an international journal of research and surveys 6(4), 967-973, 2015-04
NAID 40020355515

Annexin A1 Negatively Regulates Viral RNA Replication of Hepatitis C Virus

Hiramoto Hiroki,Dansako Hiromichi,Takeda Midori,Satoh Shinya,Wakita Takaji,Ikeda Masanori,Kato Nobuyuki
Acta Medica Okayama 69(2), 71-78, 2015-04
… The results revealed that HCV production was significantly inhibited without a concomitant reduction in the amount of lipid droplets in the D7 cells stably expressing exogenous ANXA1. …
NAID 120005595787