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derived or originating externally (同)exogenic

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(植物の生長が)外生の(木部年輪が外方へ追加されて生長すること) / 外因性の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/03/30 07:24:09」(JST)

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In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity (from Greek exo, meaning 'outside', and gignomai, meaning 'to produce') is the fact of an action or object originating externally. It contrasts with endogeny or endogeneity, the fact of being influenced within a system.

In an economic model, an exogenous change is one that comes from outside the model and is unexplained by the model. For example, in the simple supply and demand model, a change in consumer tastes or preferences is unexplained by the model and also leads to endogenous changes in demand that lead to changes in the equilibrium price. Similarly, a change in the consumer's income is given outside the model but affects demand. Put another way, an exogenous change involves an alteration of a variable that is autonomous, i.e., unaffected by the workings of the model.
In linear regression, an exogenous variable is independent of the random error term in the linear model.
In biology, an exogenous contrast agent in medical imaging for example, is a liquid injected into the patient intravenously that enhances visibility of a pathology, such as a tumor. An exogenous factor is any material that is present and active in an individual organism or living cell but that originated outside that organism, as opposed to an endogenous factor.
- Exogenous factors in medicine include both pathogens and therapeutics.
- DNA introduced to cells via transfection or viral infection (transduction) is an exogenous factor.
- Carcinogens are exogenous factors.
In geography, exogenous processes all take place outside the Earth and all the other planets. Weathering, erosion, transportation and sedimentation are the main exogenous processes.
In attentional psychology, exogenous stimuli are external stimuli without conscious intention.^[1] An example of this is attention drawn to a flashing light in the periphery of vision.
In ludology, the study of games, an exogenous item is anything outside the game itself. Therefore, an item in a massively multiplayer online game would have exogenous value if people were buying it with real world money rather than in-game currency (though its in-game cost would be endogenous).
In materials science, an exogenous property of a substance is derived from outside or external influences, such as a nano-doped material.
In philosophy, the origins of existence of self, or the identity of self, emanating from, or sustaining, outside of the natural or influenced realm, is exogenous.

References

^ Posner, M.I. (1980), Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32: 3 – 25.

External links

The dictionary definition of exogeny at Wiktionary

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English Journal

Acetylcholine inhibits tumor necrosis factor α activated endoplasmic reticulum apoptotic pathway via EGFR-PI3K signaling in cardiomyocytes.

Miao Y1, Bi XY, Zhao M, Jiang HK, Liu JJ, Li DL, Yu XJ, Yang YH, Huang N, Zang WJ.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2015 Apr;230(4):767-74. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24800.
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PMID 25201632

BDNF repairs podocyte damage by microRNA-mediated increase of actin polymerization.

Li M1, Armelloni S, Zennaro C, Wei C, Corbelli A, Ikehata M, Berra S, Giardino L, Mattinzoli D, Watanabe S, Agostoni C, Edefonti A, Reiser J, Messa P, Rastaldi MP.
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Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a progressive and proteinuric kidney disease that starts with podocyte injury. Podocytes cover the external side of the glomerular capillary by a complex web of primary and secondary ramifications. Similar to dendritic spines of neuronal cells,
PMID 25408545

Endogenous concentrations, pharmacokinetics, and selected pharmacodynamic effects of a single dose of exogenous GABA in horses.

Knych HK1, Steinmetz SJ, McKemie DS.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.J Vet Pharmacol Ther.2015 Apr;38(2):113-22. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12146. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
The anti-anxiety and calming effects following activation of the GABA receptor have been exploited in performance horses by administering products containing GABA. The primary goal of the study reported here was to describe endogenous concentrations of GABA in horses and the pharmacokinetics, select
PMID 25131315

Japanese Journal

Quantitative analyses of the behavior of exogenously added bacteria during an acidulocomposting process(ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY)

Suematsu Takatoshi,Yamashita Satoshi,Hemmi Hisashi,Yoshinari Ayaka,Shimoyama Takefumi,Nakayama Toru,Nishino Tokuzo
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 114(1), 70-72, 2012-07-00
The behavior of adventitious bacteria during an acidulocomposting process was quantitatively analyzed in garbage-free trials. The numbers of the added Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida cells di …
NAID 110009479368

Role of the Myristoylation Site in Expressing Exogenous Functional Proteins in Coxsackieviral Vector

LIM Byung-Kwan,YUN Soo-hyeon,JU Eun-Seon,GIL Chae-Ok,KIM Duk-Kyung,JEON Eun-Seok
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 76(6), 1173-1176, 2012-06-23
… Although exogenously expressed ADH was found by Western blot analysis, its enzyme function was repressed. …
NAID 10030818246

Growth inhibitory effects of anthranilic acid and its derivatives against Legionella pneumophila(MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY)

Sasaki Takahide,Mizuguchi Satoru,Honda Kohsuke
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 113(6), 726-729, 2012-06-00
… Anthranilic acid exogenously added also exhibited antibacterial activity against L. …
NAID 110009470593