WordNet

(geology) amass of fine-grained rock in which fossils, crystals, or gems are embedded
mold used in the production of phonograph records, type, or other relief surface
the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded (同)intercellular substance, ground_substance
(mathematics) a rectangular array of quantities or expressions set out by rows and columns; treated as a single element and manipulated according to rules
an enclosure within which something originates or develops (from the Latin for womb)
the formative tissue at the base of a nail
coat, inlay, or surface with enamel
a colored glassy compound (opaque or partially opaque) that is fused to the surface of metal or glass or pottery for decoration or protection
a paint that dries to a hard glossy finish
any smooth glossy coating that resembles ceramic glaze
hard white substance covering the crown of a tooth (同)tooth enamel
resulting from or employing derivation; "a derivative process"; "a highly derivative prose style"
a compound obtained from, or regarded as derived from, another compound
(linguistics) a word that is derived from another word; "`electricity is a derivative of `electric"

PrepTutorEJDIC

（複数形 matrices, ～・es）(発生・成長の)母体 / 鋳型・模型;(レコードの)原盤;(活字の)母型,字母 / (金属・化石・宝石などの含んだ)母岩・《古》子宮・基盤; (細胞)細胞間質; (地学)基質; (印)字母; 紙型; 鋳型; (鉱)母岩; (数)行列; (コンピュータ)マトリックス (入力導線と出力導線の回路網); (言)母型文（matrix sentence）
〈U〉〈C〉エナメル,ほうろう / 〈C〉ほうろう細工,ほうろう鉄器 / 〈U〉〈C〉エナメル,光沢塗料 / 〈U〉(歯の)ほうろう質 / …‘に'エナメルをかける,ほうろう引きする;〈皮・布など〉‘に'つや出しする
派生した,由来した;独創性のない,借り物めいた / 派生語 / 派生した物
マトリクシング(4チャンネルに再生転換できる2チャンネルの録音方式)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/27 21:09:43」(JST)

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In dentistry, enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is an extract of porcine fetal tooth material used to biomimetically stimulate the soft and hard tissues surrounding teeth to regrow (in a process known as regeneration) following tissue destruction.

Discovery of EMP's role in cementogenesis

There are three hard tissues that comprise human teeth: enamel, dentin and cementum. The majority of the tooth structure is formed from dentin, and the enamel serves as the superficial layer of the crown while the cementum serves to cover the root. In the mid-1990s, however, it was discovered that a very thin layer of enamel actually exists between the dentin and cementum on the roots of adult human teeth. This led researchers to conclude that enamel matrix proteins (or EMPs) laid down by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath serve as precursors to acellular cementum during its formation, known as cementogenesis.^[1] The presence of acellular cementum acts to signal the development of periodontal ligament fibers, followed by new alveolar bone, thus leading to the formation of the tissues of the periodontium.^[2]

Enamel matrix protein and its derivative

Making use of this finding, enamel matrix derivative (EMD) was introduced in 1996. A commercially prepared and purified extract of enamel matrix proteins, EMD is composed primarily of amelogenin and has been shown to promote PDL fibroblast proliferation and growth.^[3] Based on the high degree of homology between porcine and human enamel proteins, it was decided to produce the EMD from fetal pigs.^[4]

It was marketed as Emdogain by the Swedish company Biora, until Straumann acquired Biora in 2003 and began producing it under the Straumann name.

Mechanism of action

It is still unclear exactly how EMD participates in the regeneration process.^[5] But it has been demonstrated that EMD serves to promote periodontal ligament fibroblast proliferation and growth and inhibit epithelial cell proliferation and growth;^[3] this is a key feature in EMD-promoted periodontal tissue regeneration, because the faster-growing epithelium will ordinarily compete very successfully for the space once occupied by the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, leading to tissue repair as opposed to regeneration.

EMD mimics normal root development by stimulating release of autocrine growth factors from periodontal ligament undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.^[6] EMD also stimulates osteoprotegerin, serving to trigger osteoblasts and indirectly inhibit both osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic function, both of which are important in attaining alveolar bone growth in the area of desired regeneration.^[7]

References

^ Hammarström, L. Enamel matrix, cementum development and regeneration. J Clin Perio 1997;24:658-68.
^ Beertsen W,et al. The periodontal ligament: A unique, multifunctional, connective tissue. Perio 2000 1997;13:20-40.
^ ^a ^b Sculean A, et al. The application of an enamel matrix protein derivative (Emdogain) in regenerative periodontal therapy: A review. Med Princ Pract 2007;16:167-80.
^ Brooks, SJ, et al. Biochemistry and molecular biology of amelogenin proteins of developing dental enamel. Arch Oral Bio 1995;40:1-14
^ Boyan, BD, et al. Porcine fetal enamel matrix derivative enhances bone formation induced by demineralized freeze dried bone allograft in vivo. J Perio 2000;71:1278–1286
^ Lyngstadaas SP, et al. Autocrine growth factors in human periodontal ligament cells cultured on enamel matrix derivative. J Clin Perio 2001;28:181-8.
^ He J, et al. Emdogain promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and stimulates osteoprotegerin expression. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004;97:239-45

External links

Straumann - Emdogain

UpToDate Contents

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1. 歯の発達障害 developmental defects of the teeth
2. 歯の解剖学的構造および発達 anatomy and development of the teeth
3. 手術室で使用される局所止血剤および組織接着剤の概要 overview of topical hemostatic agents and tissues adhesives used in the operating room
4. 尿路上皮（移行上皮）膀胱癌の検出のための尿中バイオマーカー urine biomarkers for the detection of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
5. 歯性感染症の疫学、病因、および臨床症状 epidemiology pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of odontogenic infections

English Journal

Effectiveness of Enamel Matrix Derivative in Conjunction with Particulate Autologous Bone in the Treatment of Noncontained Intrabony Defects: A 2-Year Prospective Case Series.

Ferrarotti F, Romano F, Quirico A, Di Bella M, Pallotti S, Aimetti M.
The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent.2018 September/October;38(5):673–680. doi: 10.11607/prd.3003. Epub 2018 Mar 7.
This case series evaluated the healing of deep intrabony defects treated with a combination of enamel matrix derivative and autologous particulate bone harvested from the buccal and lingual/palatal cortical plate with a Piezosurgery device. A total of 15 defects with a predominantly one- or two-wall
PMID 29513774

Correction to: human periodontal ligament fibroblasts stimulated by nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite paste or enamel matrix derivative. An in vitro assessment of PDL attachment, migration, and proliferation.

Kasaj A1, Willershausen B2, Junker R3, Stratul SI4, Schmidt MHH5.
Clinical oral investigations.Clin Oral Investig.2018 Aug 24. doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2584-x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 30143899

Influence of tooth location on coronally advanced flap procedures for root coverage.

Zucchelli G1, Tavelli L2, Ravidà A2, Stefanini M1, Suárez-López Del Amo F3, Wang HL2.
Journal of periodontology.J Periodontol.2018 Jul 2. doi: 10.1002/JPER.18-0201. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 29963707

Japanese Journal

ヒト培養歯根膜細胞の増殖,接着,遊走に及ぼすエナメルマトリックスデリバティブ誘導体由来の合成ペプチドの影響

田口洋一郎,高橋宰達,富永和也,小正聡,至田宗泰,林宏行,田中昭男,梅田誠
日本歯科保存学雑誌 55(3), 227-235, 2012-06-30
目的:近年,歯周組織再生療法の普及により,幼若ブタの歯胚から抽出されたエナメルマトリックスデリバティブ(以下,EMDと略す)が現在広く臨床応用されている.EMDとは歯槽骨吸収の著しい歯周炎患者の歯周組織再生,特に無細胞セメント質を誘導し歯周組織の再生を促す材料である.しかし,EMDは生物由来材料であるため,未知の病原体についての問題点を払拭できず患者からの拒否感があるのも事実であり,生物に由来しな …
NAID 110009480000