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Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids (e.g. cholesterol and/or fat) in the blood. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood. This is often due to diet and lifestyle. Prolonged elevation of insulin levels can also lead to dyslipidemia. Likewise, increased levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) may cause dyslipidemia.

Classification

Physicians and basic researchers classify dyslipidemias in two distinct ways:

Phenotype, or the presentation in the body (including the specific type of lipid that is increased)
Etiology, or the reason for the condition (genetic, or secondary to another condition.) This classification can be problematic, because most conditions involve the intersection of genetics and lifestyle issues. However, there are a few well-defined genetic conditions that are usually easy to identify.

Fredrickson Classification:^[1]

Phenotype	I	IIa	IIb	III	IV	V
Elevated Lipoprotein	Chylomicron	LDL	LDL and VLDL	IDL	VLDL	VLDL and chylomicrons

1

Types

	Increases	Decreases
Lipid	Hyperlipidemia: lipids Hypercholesterolemia: cholesterol. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a specific form of hypercholesterolemia due to a defect on chromosome 19 (19p13.1-13.3). Hyperglyceridemia: glycerides Hypertriglyceridemia: triglycerides	Hypolipidemia Hypocholesterolemia: cholesterol
Lipoprotein	Hyperlipoproteinemia: lipoproteins (usually LDL unless otherwise specified) Honemia: chylomicrons	Hypolipoproteinemia: lipoproteins Abetalipoproteinemia: beta lipoproteins Tangier disease: high density lipoprotein
Both	Combined hyperlipidemia: both LDL and triglycerides

References

^ Fredrickson DS, Lees RS. A system for phenotyping hyperlipoproteinemia. Circulation 1965;31:321-327.

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UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Impact of metabolic syndrome in surgical patients: should we bother?

Tzimas P1, Petrou A2, Laou E2, Milionis H3, Mikhailidis DP4, Papadopoulos G2.
British journal of anaesthesia.Br J Anaesth.2015 Aug;115(2):194-202. doi: 10.1093/bja/aev199. Epub 2015 Jun 23.
Clinicians inevitably encounter patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome (MetS); these criteria include central obesity, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, and hyperglycaemia. Regardless of the variations in its definition, MetS may be associated with adverse outcom
PMID 26109210

The relation between long-term cortisol levels and the metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients.

Langerak T1,2, van den Dries LW3, Wester VL1,2, Staufenbiel SM1,2, Manenschijn L1, van Rossum EF1,2, van Gorp EC3,4.
Clinical endocrinology.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).2015 Aug;83(2):167-72. doi: 10.1111/cen.12790. Epub 2015 May 13.
OBJECTIVE: Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of metabolic complications such as dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and hypertension; symptoms that are also associated with an excess of the hormone cortisol. We studied the relationship between long-te
PMID 25866034

Unintended positive and negative effects of drugs on lipoproteins.

Siahmansur TJ1, Schofield JD, Azmi S, Liu Y, Durrington PN, Soran H.
Current opinion in lipidology.Curr Opin Lipidol.2015 Aug;26(4):325-37. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000198.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dyslipidaemia is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor. Many drugs affect lipid profile and lipoprotein metabolism. We reviewed unintended effects of nonlipid modifying, commonly used medications on lipid profile and lipoprotein metabolism.RECENT FINDING: Several detrime
PMID 26103613

Japanese Journal

A comparative study of anti-inflammatory and antidyslipidemic effects of fenofibrate and statins on rheumatoid arthritis

GOTO Makoto
Modern rheumatology 20(3), 238-243, 2010-06-01
NAID 10027169236

Genetic basis of inter-individual variability in the effects of exercise on the alleviation of lifestyle-related diseases

Mori Masayuki,Higuchi Keiichi,Sakurai Akihiro,Tabara Yasuharu,Miki Tetsuro,Nose Hiroshi
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 587(23), 5577-5584, 2009-12-00
… The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com and www.jphysiol.org .Habitual exercise training, including a high-intensity interval walking programme, improves cardiorespiratory fitness and alleviates lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. …
NAID 120002723439