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acute contagious infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae; marked by the formation of a false membrane in the throat and other air passages causing difficulty in breathing

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ジフテリア(呼吸困難を起こすのどの病気)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/13 12:54:47」(JST)

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Diphtheria vaccine is a vaccine used against Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the agent that causes diphtheria.^[1] It use has resulted in a more than 90% decrease in number of cases globally between 1980 and 2000.^[2] Three initial doses are recommended after which it is about 95% effective.^[2] It is effective for about 10 years at which time a booster dose is needed.^[2] Immunization may start at six weeks of age with further doses given every four weeks.^[2]

The diphtheria vaccine is very safe.^[2] Significant side effects are rare.^[2] Pain may occur at the injection site.^[2] A bump may form at the site of injection that lasts a few weeks.^[3] The vaccine is safe in both pregnancy and among those who have a poor immune function.^[3]

Several combination vaccines are used to prevent diphtheria.^[4] This includes with tetanus toxoid (known as dT or DT vaccine) and with tetanus and pertussis vaccine known as DPT vaccine.^[2] The World Health Organization has recommended it use since 1974.^[2] About 84% of the world population is vaccinated.^[5] It is given as a intramuscular injection.^[2] The vaccine needs to be kept cold but not frozen.^[3]

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system.^[6]

References

^ "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Diphtheria immunization (vaccine)". Retrieved 2009-03-07. ^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "Diphtheria vaccine" (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81 (3): 24–32. Jan 20, 2006. PMID 16671240.
^ ^a ^b ^c Atkinson, William (May 2012). Diphtheria Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (12 ed.). Public Health Foundation. pp. 215–230. ISBN 9780983263135.
^ "Diphtheria Vaccination". Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 8 November 2011. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
^ "Diphtheria". who.int. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
^ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

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1. 成人における破傷風-ジフテリアトキソイドワクチン tetanus diphtheria toxoid vaccination in adults
2. 7～18歳の小児におけるジフテリア、破傷風、および百日咳ワクチン diphtheria tetanus and pertussis immunization in children 7 through 18 years of age
3. 0～6歳の乳児および小児におけるジフテリア、破傷風、および百日咳ワクチン diphtheria tetanus and pertussis immunization in infants and children 0 through 6 years of age
4. ジフテリアの疫学、病態生理および臨床症状 epidemiology pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of diphtheria
5. ジフテリアの診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of diphtheria

English Journal

Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae: New perspectives on an old foe.

Sangal V1, Hoskisson PA2.
Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases.Infect Genet Evol.2016 Sep;43:364-70. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.024. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
Diphtheria is a debilitating disease caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains and has been effectively controlled by the toxoid vaccine, yet several recent outbreaks have been reported across the globe. Moreover, non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains are emerging as a major global heal
PMID 27291708

State of inequality in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunisation coverage in low-income and middle-income countries: a multicountry study of household health surveys.

Hosseinpoor AR1, Bergen N2, Schlotheuber A3, Gacic-Dobo M4, Hansen PM5, Senouci K4, Boerma T3, Barros AJ6.
The Lancet. Global health.Lancet Glob Health.2016 Sep;4(9):e617-26. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30141-3. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
BACKGROUND: Immunisation programmes have made substantial contributions to lowering the burden of disease in children, but there is a growing need to ensure that programmes are equity-oriented. We aimed to provide a detailed update about the state of between-country inequality and within-country eco
PMID 27497954

Incompatibility of lyophilized inactivated polio vaccine with liquid pentavalent whole-cell-pertussis-containing vaccine.

Kraan H1, Ten Have R2, van der Maas L1, Kersten G3, Amorij JP4.
Vaccine.Vaccine.2016 Aug 31;34(38):4572-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.030. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
A hexavalent vaccine containing diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, whole cell pertussis, Haemophilius influenza type B, hepatitis B and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) may: (i) increase the efficiency of vaccination campaigns, (ii) reduce the number of injections thereby reducing needlestick injurie
PMID 27470209

Japanese Journal

Immunity to Diphtheria and Tetanus in Army Personnel and Adult Civilians in Mashhad, Iran

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 70(2), 132-135, 2017
NAID 130005475410

Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of construction workers towards tetanus vaccine in Northern Italy

Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌ　ｈｅａｌｔｈ 54(6), 554-563, 2016
NAID 130005179433

Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in Army personnel and adult civilians in Mashhad, Iran

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005159489

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ジフテリアトキソイド」
拡張検索	「tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine」

「ジフテリアトキソイド」

Diphtheria vaccine
Vaccine description
Target disease	Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Type	Toxoid
Clinical data
MedlinePlus	a607027
Routes of; administration	Intramuscular injection
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number
ATC code	J07AF01
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　　[★]

英: diphtheria toxoid
同: ジフテリアワクチン、沈降ジフテリアトキソイド、成人用沈降ジフテリアトキソイド
関: ジフテリア、抗毒素製剤、トキソイド、予防接種

「tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine」

　　[★]

同: Tdap, BOOSTRIX, ADACEL

[urlMedlinePlus_Medical_Encyclopedia:_Diphtheria_immunization_.28vaccine.29-1] "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Diphtheria immunization (vaccine)". Retrieved 2009-03-07. ^{[dead link]}

[WHO2006-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "Diphtheria vaccine" (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81 (3): 24–32. Jan 20, 2006. PMID 16671240.

[CDC2012Pink-3] Atkinson, William (May 2012). Diphtheria Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (12 ed.). Public Health Foundation. pp. 215–230. ISBN 9780983263135.

[4] "Diphtheria Vaccination". Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 8 November 2011. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)

[5] "Diphtheria". who.int. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2015.

[6] "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

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diphtheria toxoid