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Dihydropyridine is a molecule based upon pyridine, and the parent of a class of molecules that have been semi-saturated with two substituents replacing one double bond. They are particularly well known in pharmacology as L-type calcium channel blockers, used in the treatment of hypertension. Compared with certain other L-type calcium channel blockers (for example those of the phenylalkylamine class such as verapamil) that have significant action at the heart, they are relatively vascular selective in their mechanism of action in lowering blood pressure.

Class members

Dihydropyridine class L-type calcium channel blockers include, in alphabetical order (brand names vary in different countries):

Name	Image	Brand name
Amlodipine		Norvasc, Istin, Normodipine, Tenox, Cordi Cor
Aranidipine		Sapresta (サプレスタ)
Azelnidipine		CalBlock (カルブロック)
Barnidipine		Vasexten, Libradin, Cyress, HypoCa
Benidipine		Coniel
Cilnidipine		Atelec (アテレック), Cilacar, Cinalong, Siscard
Clevidipine		Cleviprex
Cronidipine
Darodipine
Dexniguldipine
Efonidipine		Landel (ランデル)
Elgodipine
Elnadipine
Felodipine		Renedil, Plendil
Flordipine
Furnidipine
Iganidipine
Isradipine		DynaCirc CR
Lacidipine		Lacipil, Motens, Sakure
Lemildipine
Lercanidipine		Zanidip, Zanidip-Recordati
Levamlodipine		EsCordi Cor
Levniguldipine
Manidipine		Manyper, Caslot, Madipine
Nicardipine		Cardene, Cardene SR
Nifedipine		Adalat, Nifedical, Procardia, Corinfar, Cordaflex
Niguldipine
Niludipine
Nilvadipine		Nivadil
Nimodipine		Nimotop
Nisoldipine		Sular, Baymycard, Syscor
Nitrendipine		Baypress, Cardif, Nitrepin, Baylotensin
Olradipine
Oxodipine
Palonidipine
Pranidipine		Acalas
Ryodipine
Sagandipine
Sornidipine
Teludipine
Tiamdipine
Trombodipine
Vatanidipine

The pharmaceutical drug finerenone is also a dihydrophyridine derivative, but does not act as a calcium channel blocker but as an antimineralocorticoid.

References

^ "1,4-dihydropyridine - Compound Summary". Pubchem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 27 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 1 November 2011.

External links

Dihydropyridines at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 駆出率低下を伴う心不全へのカルシウム拮抗薬の使用 calcium channel blockers in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
2. カルシウム拮抗剤の主な副作用および安全性 major side effects and safety of calcium channel blockers
3. 原発性（本態性）高血圧における薬物療法の選択 choice of drug therapy in primary essential hypertension
4. 麻酔後回復室（PACU）における心血管の障害 cardiovascular problems in the post anesthesia care unit pacu
5. 腹部大動脈瘤ステントグラフト留置術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for endovascular aortic repair

English Journal

Ultrasound-mediated synthesis of 4-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates catalyzed by 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate under solvent free condition.

He JY1, Jia HZ2, Yao QG2, Liu SJ2, Yue HK2, Yu HW2, Hu RS2.
Ultrasonics sonochemistry.Ultrason Sonochem.2015 Jan;22:144-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.05.026. Epub 2014 Jun 17.
4-Substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates (4) have been synthesized by the solvent-free reaction of aldehyde, methyl propiolate and ammonium carbonate catalyzed by ionic liquid 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate under ultrasonic irradiation. The effects of changes in th
PMID 24974005

The impact of chirality on the development of robust and stable tablet formulation of (S-) amlodipine besylate.

Hadžidedić S1, Uzunović A, Sehić Jazić S, Kocova El-Arini S.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Dec;19(8):930-41. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.840847. Epub 2013 Oct 7.
The aim of this study was to compare the specific characteristics of the S-enantiomer and the racemate of amlodipine besylate (AB) in order to design a robust and stable formulation of the active S-enantiomer which will guarantee continuous performance of the unichiral version of amlodipine. Preform
PMID 24099553

Effects of donor-acceptor groups on the structural and electronic properties of 4-(methoxymethyl)-6-methyl-5-nitro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile.

Gümüş HP1, Tamer Ö1, Avcı D2, Atalay Y1.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2014 Nov 11;132:183-90. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.128. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Quantum chemical calculations on the geometric parameters, harmonic vibrational wavenumbers and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts values of 4-(methoxymethyl)-6-methyl-5-nitro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile [C9H9N3O4] molecule in ground state were performed using t
PMID 24861433

Japanese Journal

NATURAL TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN IN MULTI-COMPONENT SYNTHESIS OF 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES

Heterocycles : an international journal for reviews and communications in heterocyclic chemistry 92(8), 1512-1520, 2016-08-01
NAID 40020899551

アミノアルコールおよびその関連化合物を有機分子触媒として用いた不斉付加環化反応の開発

有機合成化学協会誌 74(7), 720-731, 2016-07
NAID 40020897151

Molecular Mechanism of the Urate-lowering Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers

Dokkyo journal of medical sciences 43(1), 23-29, 2016-03-25
NAID 110010019129

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ジヒドロピリジン系」「ジヒドロピリジン」「DHP」
拡張検索	「dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker」「dihydropyridine ring」

「ジヒドロピリジン系」

Dihydropyridine
Names
	Systematic IUPAC name 1,4-Dihydropyridine
Identifiers
CAS Number	3337-17-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	94619 ;
MeSH	1,4-dihydropyridine
PubChem CID	104822;
	InChI InChI=1S/C5H7N/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h2-6H,1H2 Key: YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES C1C=CNC=C1 ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C; 5H; 7N
Molar mass	81.1158 g mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references