WordNet
- existing in possibility; "a potential problem"; "possible uses of nuclear power" (同)possible
- the inherent capacity for coming into being (同)potentiality, potency
- (physics) the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration
- the spread of social institutions (and myths and skills) from one society to another
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 可能性のある,潜在的な / 可能性,潜在力 / 電位
- 放散,発散,拡散[作用] / 普及,流布 / (文体などの)散漫,冗漫
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/03/27 18:52:50」(JST)
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Liquid junction potential occurs when two solutions of different concentrations are in contact with each other. The more concentrated solution will have a tendency to diffuse into the comparatively less concentrated one. The rate of diffusion of each ion will be roughly proportional to its speed in an electric field. If the anion diffuses more rapidly than the cation, it will diffuse ahead into the dilute solution, leaving the latter negatively charged and the concentrated solution positively charged. So an electrical double layer of positive and negative charges will be produced at the junction of the two solutions. So at the point of junction, a potential difference will develop because of the ionic transfer. This potential is called liquid junction potential or diffusion potential. The magnitude of the potential depends on the relative speeds of the ions.
Contents
- 1 Calculation
- 2 Elimination of liquid junction potential
- 3 See also
- 4 References
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Calculation
The liquid junction potential can not be measured directly but calculated. The Electromotive force (EMF) of a concentration cell with transference includes the liquid junction potential.
- Ewithout transference = RT/F . ln(a2/a1)
where a1 and a2 are activities of HCl in the two solutions, R is the Universal Gas Constant, T is the temperature and F is Faraday's Constant.
- Ewith transference = tM RT/F . ln (a2/a1)
where a2 and a1 are activities of HCl solutions of right and left hand electrodes respectively and tM be transport number of Cl–
- Liquid Junction potential = Ewith transference– Ewithout transference = (tM – 1) RT/F . ln (a2/a1)
Elimination of liquid junction potential
The liquid junction potential interferes with the exact measurement of EMF of a chemical cell. So it should be eliminated or at least its effect should be minimized. The general practice to eliminate the liquid junction potential is to place a salt bridge consisting of usually a saturated solution of Potassium chloride (KCl) and Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) with Lithium acetate (CH3COOLi) between the two solutions constituting the junction. When such a bridge is used, the ions in the bridge are present in large excess at the junction and they carry almost the whole of the current across the boundary. The efficiency of KCl/NH4NO3 is connected with the fact that in these salts, the transport numbers of anion and cation are the same.
See also
References
- Advanced Physical Chemistry by Gurtu & Snehi
- Principles of Physical Chemistry by Puri, Sharma, Pathania
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Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- ()
微小電極に組織と等張のKClを詰めた電極を指すと、拡散電位のため、3M KClを詰めた電極で得られる値より約10mV小さな値が得られる
- 英
- diffusion potential
- 同
- 液間電位 liquid potential、液間起電力
- 英
- diffusion potential
- 独
- Diffusionspotential
- 同
- 液間電位liquid junction potential、液間起電力
[★]
- 関
- capability、capable、electric potential、electrical potential、feasibility、feasible、latently、likelihood、odds、possibility、possible、potentiality、potentially、probability、promising、voltage
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