WordNet

in a concentrated manner; "old houses are often so densely packed that perhaps three or four have to be demolished for every new one built"; "a thickly populated area" (同)thickly
having high relative density or specific gravity; "dense as lead"
slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity; "so dense he never understands anything I say to him"; "never met anyone quite so dim"; "although dull at classical learning, at mathematics he was uncommonly quick"- Thackeray; "dumb officials make some really dumb decisions"; "he was either normally stupid or being deliberately obtuse"; "worked with the slow students" (同)dim, dull, dumb, obtuse, slow
permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter; "dense smoke"; "heavy fog"; "impenetrable gloom" (同)heavy, impenetrable
hard to pass through because of dense growth; "dense vegetation"; "thick woods" (同)thick

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『密度が濃い』,密集した,目の詰まった / 《話》頭の鈍い,のろまな

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1. 神経膠腫の病期分類と病理診断 classification and pathologic diagnosis of gliomas
2. 顔面病変のダーモスコピー dermoscopy of facial lesions
3. 過敏性肺臓炎（外因性アレルギー性肺胞炎）の分類および臨床症状 classification and clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity pneumonitis extrinsic allergic alveolitis
4. 骨盤内炎症性疾患：病因、微生物学、および危険因子 pelvic inflammatory disease pathogenesis microbiology and risk factors
5. 末節骨骨折 distal phalanx fractures

English Journal

Direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose based on PDDA-capped gold nanoparticle modified graphene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes electrode.

Yu Y, Chen Z, He S, Zhang B, Li X, Yao M.Author information School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.AbstractIn this work, poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized graphene (G)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites were fabricated. Based on the electrostatic attraction, the G/MWCNTs hybrid material can be decorated with AuNPs uniformly and densely. The new hierarchical nanostructure can provide a larger surface area and a more favorable microenvironment for electron transfer. The AuNPs/G/MWCNTs nanocomposite was used as a novel immobilization platform for glucose oxidase (GOD). Direct electron transfer (DET) was achieved between GOD and the electrode. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the electrochemical biosensor. The glucose biosensor fabricated based on GOD electrode modified with AuNPs/G/MWCNTs demonstrated satisfactory analytical performance with high sensitivity (29.72mAM(-1)cm(-2)) and low limit of detection (4.8 µM). The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ΚS) and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of GOD were calculated to be 11.18s(-1) and 2.09 mM, respectively. With satisfactory selectivity, reproducibility, and stability, the nanostructure we proposed offered an alternative for electrode fabricating and glucose biosensing.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Feb 15;52:147-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.043. Epub 2013 Aug 30.
In this work, poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized graphene (G)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites were fabricated. Based on the electrostatic attraction, the G/MWCNTs hybrid material can be decorated with AuNPs uniformly
PMID 24035859

Regional innervation of the heart in the goldfish, Carassius auratus: A confocal microscopy study.

Newton CM, Stoyek MR, Croll RP, Smith FM.Author information Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.AbstractThe intracardiac nervous system represents the final common pathway for autonomic control of the vertebrate heart in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. In teleost fishes, details of the organization of this system are not well understood. Here we investigated innervation patterns in the heart of the goldfish, a species representative of a large group of cyprinids. We used antibodies against the neuronal markers zn-12, acetylated tubulin, and human neuronal protein C/D, as well as choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, nitric oxide synthetase, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to detect neural elements and their transmitter contents in wholemounts and sections of cardiac tissue. All chambers of the heart were innervated by choline acetyltransferase-positive axons, implying cholinergic regulation; and by tyrosine hydroxylase-containing axons, implying adrenergic regulation. The mean total number of intracardiac neurons was 713 ± 78 (SE), nearly half of which were cholinergic. Neuronal somata were mainly located in a ganglionated plexus around the sinoatrial valves. Somata were contacted by cholinergic, adrenergic, nitrergic, and VIP-positive terminals. Putative pacemaker cells, identified by immunoreactivity for hyperpolarization activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, were located in the base of the sinoatrial valves, and this region was densely innervated by cholinergic and adrenergic terminals. We have shown that the goldfish heart possesses the necessary neuroanatomical substrate for fine, region-by-region autonomic control of the myocardial effectors that are involved in determining cardiac output. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:456-478, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Feb;522(2):456-78. doi: 10.1002/cne.23421.
The intracardiac nervous system represents the final common pathway for autonomic control of the vertebrate heart in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. In teleost fishes, details of the organization of this system are not well understood. Here we investigated innervation patterns in the heart o
PMID 23853005

Estrogen receptor β expression in the mouse forebrain: Age and sex differences.

Zuloaga DG, Zuloaga KL, Hinds LR, Carbone DL, Handa RJ.Author information Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, 85004-2157.AbstractEstrogen receptors regulate multiple brain functions, including stress, sexual, and memory-associated behaviors as well as controlling neuroendocrine and autonomic function. During development, estrogen signaling is involved in programming adult sex differences in physiology and behavior. Expression of estrogen receptor α changes across development in a region-specific fashion. By contrast, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is expressed in many brain regions, yet few studies have explored sex and developmental differences in its expression, largely because of the absence of selective reagents for anatomical localization of the protein. This study utilized bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing ERβ identified by enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to compare expression levels and distribution of ERβ in the male and female mouse forebrain on the day of birth (P0), on postnatal day 4 (P4), and on P21. By using qualitative analysis, we mapped the distribution of ERβ-EGFP and found developmental alterations in ERβ expression within the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamic regions including the arcuate, ventromedial, and paraventricular nuclei. We also report a sex difference in ERβ in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, with males showing greater expression at P4 and P21. Another sex difference was found in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of P21, but not P0 or P4, mice, in which ERβ-EGFP-immunoreactive cells were densely clustered near the third ventricle in females but not males. These developmental changes and sex differences in ERβ indicate a mechanism through which estrogens might differentially affect brain functions or program adult physiology at select times during development. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:358-371, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Feb;522(2):358-71. doi: 10.1002/cne.23400.
Estrogen receptors regulate multiple brain functions, including stress, sexual, and memory-associated behaviors as well as controlling neuroendocrine and autonomic function. During development, estrogen signaling is involved in programming adult sex differences in physiology and behavior. Expression
PMID 23818057

LY2456302 is a novel, potent, orally-bioavailable small molecule kappa-selective antagonist with activity in animal models predictive of efficacy in mood and addictive disorders.

Rorick-Kehn LM1, Witkin JM2, Statnick MA2, Eberle EL2, McKinzie JH2, Kahl SD2, Forster BM2, Wong CJ2, Li X2, Crile RS2, Shaw DB2, Sahr AE2, Adams BL2, Quimby SJ2, Diaz N2, Jimenez A2, Pedregal C2, Mitch CH2, Knopp KL2, Anderson WH2, Cramer JW2, McKinzie DL2.Author information 1Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. Electronic address: rorickkehnlm@lilly.com.2Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.AbstractKappa opioid receptors and their endogenous neuropeptide ligand, dynorphin A, are densely localized in limbic and cortical areas comprising the brain reward system, and appear to play a key role in modulating stress and mood. Growing literature indicates that kappa receptor antagonists may be beneficial in the treatment of mood and addictive disorders. However, existing literature on kappa receptor antagonists has used extensively JDTic and nor-BNI which exhibit long-lasting pharmacokinetic properties that complicate experimental design and interpretation of results. Herein, we report for the first time the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profile of a novel, potent kappa opioid receptor antagonist with excellent selectivity over other receptors and markedly improved drug-like properties over existing research tools. LY2456302 exhibits canonical pharmacokinetic properties that are favorable for clinical development, with rapid absorption (tmax: 1-2 h) and good oral bioavailability (F = 25%). Oral LY2456302 administration selectively and potently occupied central kappa opioid receptors in vivo (ED50 = 0.33 mg/kg), without evidence of mu or delta receptor occupancy at doses up to 30 mg/kg. LY2456302 potently blocked kappa-agonist-mediated analgesia and disruption of prepulse inhibition, without affecting mu-agonist-mediated effects at doses >30-fold higher. Importantly, LY2456302 did not block kappa-agonist-induced analgesia one week after administration, indicating lack of long-lasting pharmacodynamic effects. In contrast to the nonselective opioid antagonist naltrexone, LY2456302 produced antidepressant-like effects in the mouse forced swim test and enhanced the effects of imipramine and citalopram. LY2456302 reduced ethanol self-administration in alcohol-preferring (P) rats and, unlike naltrexone, did not exhibit significant tolerance upon 4 days of repeated dosing. LY2456302 is a centrally-penetrant, potent, kappa-selective antagonist with pharmacokinetic properties favorable for clinical development and activity in animal models predictive of efficacy in mood and addictive disorders.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2014 Feb;77:131-44. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.09.021. Epub 2013 Sep 23.
Kappa opioid receptors and their endogenous neuropeptide ligand, dynorphin A, are densely localized in limbic and cortical areas comprising the brain reward system, and appear to play a key role in modulating stress and mood. Growing literature indicates that kappa receptor antagonists may be benefi
PMID 24071566