頭蓋円蓋部
WordNet
- bound vigorously
- a strongroom or compartment (often made of steel) for safekeeping of valuables (同)bank vault
- a burial chamber (usually underground) (同)burial vault
- the act of jumping over an obstacle (同)hurdle
- an arched brick or stone ceiling or roof
- jump across or leap over (an obstacle) (同)overleap
- (architecture) a vaulted structure; "arches and vaulting"
- of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain; "cranial pressure"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉(石・コンクリート・れんがなどでできた)『アーチ型天井』,『丸屋根』,丸天井 / 〈U〉《the ~》《詩》丸天井に似たもの,青天井,大空 / 〈C〉(特に貯蔵用に使われる)『地下室』 / 〈C〉(特に銀行などの)金庫宝,貴重品管理室 / 〈C〉(教会・墓地の)地下納骨堂 / 〈建物など〉‘に'丸天井をつける / 〈建物など〉‘を'丸天井様式にする
- 《副詞[句]を伴って》(手で支えたり棒を使って)飛ぶ,飛び越える / …‘を'飛び越える / 手で支えたり棒を使ったりして飛ぶこと
- アーチ形天井,半筒天井 / 丸天井造り(構造)
- 手で支えたり棒を使って飛び上がる(飛び越す) / 誇張された,大げさな
- 頭蓋(ずがい)の
- アーチ状の,半円筒形の;半円筒形屋根の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/07/08 15:56:39」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Sagittal section of a human skull, showing the cranial vault
The cranial vault is the space in the skull within the neurocranium, occupied by the brain. In humans, the size and shape of the brain, may be affected by the size of the vault as shown in craniometry, but studies relating it to intelligence have found no conclusive evidence. The vault is alternatively called "skullcap" or even calvaria, though these properly refer to the upper portion of the skull only.
Contents
- 1 Development
- 2 Evolution
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Development
In humans, the cranial vault is imperfectly composed in newborns, to allow the large human head to pass through the birth canal. During birth, the various bones connected by cartilage and ligaments only will move relatively to each other. The open portion between the major bones of the upper part of the vault, called fontanelles, normally remain soft up to two years after birth.
As the fontanelles close, the vault loses some of its plasticity. The sutures between the bones remain until 30 to 40 years of age, allowing for growth of the brain. Cranial vault size is directly proportional to skull size and is developed early.[1]
The size and shape of the brain and the surrounding vault remain quite plastic as the brain grows in childhood. In several ancient societies, head shape was altered for aesthetic or religious reasons by binding cloth or boards tightly around the head during infancy. It is not known whether such artificial cranial deformation has an effect in mental capacity.
Evolution
Skull of carrion crow, showing the enlarged vault found in birds.
The cranial vault is composed of the endocranium forming the basal parts, topped by the skull roof in land vertebrates.[2]
In fishes no distinct cranial vault as such exists, the skull being composed of loosely jointed bones. The cranial vault as a distinct unit arose with the fusion of the skull roof and the endocranium on the early Labyrinthodonts.[2] In amphibians and reptiles the vault is rather small and inconspicuous, only forming proper vaults in mammals and birds.
See also
- Skull
- Craniometry
- Phrenology
References
- ^ "Changes in vault dimensions must occur by early childhood because of the early development of the vault." Secular change in craniofacial morphology "During the 125 years under consideration, cranial vaults have become markedly higher and somewhat narrower, with narrower faces. The changes in cranial morphology are probably in large part due to changes in growth at the cranial base due to improved environmental conditions. The changes are likely a combination of phenotypic plasticity and genetic changes over this period." Cranial change in Americans: 1850-1975.
- ^ a b Romer, A.S. & T.S. Parsons. 1977. The Vertebrate Body. 5th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia. (6th ed. 1985)
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- A mixed model for the relationship between climate and human cranial form.
- Katz DC1, Grote MN1, Weaver TD1.
- American journal of physical anthropology.Am J Phys Anthropol.2016 Aug;160(4):593-603. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22896. Epub 2015 Dec 2.
- OBJECTIVES: We expand upon a multivariate mixed model from quantitative genetics in order to estimate the magnitude of climate effects in a global sample of recent human crania. In humans, genetic distances are correlated with distances based on cranial form, suggesting that population structure inf
- PMID 26626704
- Ellis Van Creveld2 is Required for Postnatal Craniofacial Bone Development.
- Badri MK1,2, Zhang H3, Ohyama Y1, Venkitapathi S1, Kamiya N3,4, Takeda H5, Ray M4, Scott G4, Tsuji T6, Kunieda T6, Mishina Y3,4, Mochida Y1.
- Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007).Anat Rec (Hoboken).2016 Aug;299(8):1110-20. doi: 10.1002/ar.23353. Epub 2016 May 2.
- Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is a genetic disorder with mutations in either EVC or EVC2 gene. Previous case studies reported that EvC patients underwent orthodontic treatment, suggesting the presence of craniofacial bone phenotypes. To investigate whether a mutation in EVC2 gene causes a craniof
- PMID 27090777
- Photometric evaluation of cranial and facial symmetry in hemicoronal single suture synostosis treated with surgical fronto-orbital remodeling.
- Mazzoleni F1, Meazzini MC2, Novelli G2, Basile V2, Giussani C3, Bozzetti A2.
- Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg.2016 Aug;44(8):1037-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.05.012. Epub 2016 May 24.
- OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of frontal vault symmetry and progressive facial symmetrization in a cohort of patients with hemicoronal single suture synostosis treated with a standardized cranioplasty and rigid fixation.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients with hemicoronal synostosis operated between 1
- PMID 27288326
Japanese Journal
- Adult Chiari Type 1 Malformation with Holocord Syringomyelia Associated with Sagittal Synostosis
- Global and local perspectives on cranial shape variation in Indonesian <i>Homo erectus</i>
- Posterior Cranial Vault Distraction Osteogenesis with Barrel Stave Osteotomy in theTreatment of Craniosynostosis
Related Links
- vault [vawlt] an arched or domelike structure; see also fornix. cranial vault calvaria. neu·ro·cra·ni·um (nū'rō-krā'nē-ŭm), [TA] Those bones of the cranium enclosing the brain, as distinguished from the bones of the face. Synonym(s): brain box ...
- "cranial vault" への豊富な翻訳例文 – 和英辞書と日本語翻訳サーチエンジン ... In the security sector, with a diverse product range that includes vault and safe deposit box facilities for financial institutions and business offices, anti-crime ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- cranial vault, vault of skull
[★]
- 関
- 円蓋部
- fornix、jump、leap、skip
[★]
- 関
- cephalad、crania、cranium、rostral、skull