cranial root of accessory nerve

副神経延髄根

WordNet

1. plant by the roots
2. (botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground
3. a number that, when multiplied by itself some number of times, equals a given number
4. cause to take roots
5. take root and begin to grow; "this plant roots quickly"
6. (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem" (同)root word, base, stem, theme, radical
7. the part of a tooth that is embedded in the jaw and serves as support (同)tooth_root
8. come into existence, originate; "The problem roots in her depression"
9. clothing that is worn or carried, but not part of your main clothing (同)accoutrement, accouterment
10. a supplementary component that improves capability (同)appurtenance, supplement, add-on
11. furnishing added support; "an ancillary pump"; "an adjuvant discipline to forms of mysticism"; "The mind and emotions are auxiliary to each other" (同)adjunct, ancillary, adjuvant, appurtenant, auxiliary
12. someone who helps another person commit a crime (同)accessary
13. any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
14. of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain; "cranial pressure"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《しばしば複数形で》『根』 / 『根元』 / 《the~》『根源』,根本;根底 / 《複数形で》(その人の根底にある)ある場所との根源的なつながり / (数学で)根,ルート / (派生語の)語根(例えばrootlessの中のroot) / 〈植物〉‘を'『根づかせる』 / 《しばしば受動態で》(根をおろしたように)(…に)…‘を'『定着させる』『+『名』+『to』(『in』)+『名』》 / (…に)『根を下ろす』,定着する《+『in』(『on』,『to』)+『名』》
2. 〈豚などが〉(…をあさって)鼻で地面を掘る《+『about』(『around』)『for』+『名』》 / (…を捜して)〈人が〉かき回す《+『about for』+『名』》
3. (…を)声援する,(…の)成功を願う《+『for』+『名』》
4. =accessory
5. 《通例複数形で》(…への)『付属品』,アクセサリー《+『for』+『名』》 / (法律用語で)従犯者,犯人隠匿(いんとく)者 / 付属の / 従犯の
6. 《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
7. 〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
8. 頭蓋(ずがい)の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/18 16:34:28」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Cranial root of accessory nerves
Brain stem sagittal section (11 visible near bottom center. Note how in this diagram, root derives entirely from spinal portion, and ascends to cranium.)
Plan of upper portions of glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	radix cranialis nervi accessorii, pars vagalis nervi accessorii
TA	A14.2.01.185
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

The cranial root of accessory nerve (or part) is the smaller of the two portions of the accessory nerve. It is generally considered as a part of the vagus nerve and not part of the accessory nerve proper because the cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve and serves the same function as other vagal nerve fibers. Recently, the concept of a cranial root of the accessory nerve has been challenged by new neuroanatomical studies which found that an unambiguous cranial root was not present in the majority of the cases. However, a small study in 2007 followed by a substantially larger study published in 2012 both confirmed that the cranial root of the accessory nerve is commonly found in humans, matching traditional descriptions.

Path

The cranial root fibers arise from the cells of the nucleus ambiguus and emerge as four or five delicate rootlets from the side of the medulla oblongata, below the roots of the vagus.

It runs lateralward to the jugular foramen, where it may interchange fibers with the spinal portion or even become united to it for a short distance; here it is also connected by one or two filaments with the jugular ganglion of the vagus.

It then passes through the jugular foramen, separates from the spinal portion and is continued over the surface of the ganglion nodosum of the vagus, to the surface of which it is adherent, and is distributed principally to the pharyngeal and superior laryngeal branches of the vagus. Through the pharyngeal branch it probably supplies the Musculus uvulæ and Levator veli palatini. Some few filaments from it are continued into the trunk of the vagus below the ganglion, to be distributed with the recurrent nerve and probably also with the cardiac nerves.

Relationship to vagus

As the fibers from the presumptive cranial root may not join the accessory nerve at all or at best for a very short distance within the jugular foramen, it appears more useful to consider them in general to be part of the cranial roots of the vagal nerve. The accessory nerve would then be a pure motor nerve supplying the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, with the fibers originating from the spinal segments C1-C5 (the medullary root of the accessory nerve).

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 上肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of upper extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
• 2. 多発神経根症：脊柱管狭窄症、感染症、癌、および炎症性神経根症候群 polyradiculopathy spinal stenosis infectious carcinomatous and inflammatory nerve root syndromes
• 3. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
• 4. 下肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of lower extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
• 5. 小児における第3脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in children

English Journal

• Distribution of the internal branch of the human accessory nerve.

• Liu HF1, Won HS, Chung IH, Kim IB, Han SH.
• Anatomical science international.Anat Sci Int.2015 Jun;90(3):180-6. doi: 10.1007/s12565-014-0244-z. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
• It was recently reported that the internal branch of the accessory nerve not only comprises the cranial root but also various combinations of the cranial root, spinal root, and the vagal component of the vagus nerve. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical distribution of each compon
• PMID 24939450

• Sensory pathways in the human embryonic spinal accessory nerve with special reference to the associated lower cranial nerve ganglia.

• Cho KH1, Jang HS, Cheong JS, Rodriguez-Vazquez JF, Murakami G, Abe H.
• Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery.Childs Nerv Syst.2015 Jan;31(1):95-9. doi: 10.1007/s00381-014-2546-9. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
• BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Muscles supplied by the spinal accessory nerve are particularly prone to the development of trigger points characteristic of myofascial pain. This study aimed to confirm sensory pathways in the spinal accessory nerve and to describe sensory ganglion cell distributions along t
• PMID 25227166

• Morphological characteristics of the cranial root of the accessory nerve.

• Liu HF1, Won HS, Chung IH, Kim IB, Han SH.
• Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.).Clin Anat.2014 Nov;27(8):1167-73. doi: 10.1002/ca.22451. Epub 2014 Aug 5.
• There has been the controversy surrounding the cranial root (CR) of the accessory nerve. This study was performed to clarify the morphological characteristics of the CR in the cranial cavity. Fifty sides of 25 adult cadaver heads were used. The accessory nerve was easily distinguished from the vagus
• PMID 25131313

Japanese Journal

• ホルスタイン牛における舌下神経背根と背根神経節の形態(解剖学)

• The journal of
• NAID 110004763150

• 腫瘍内出血で発症した副神経鞘腫の1例

• 脳神経外科ジャーナル 14(8), 512-516, 2005-08-20
• NAID 10016670386

• Neurons of Origin of the Internal Rams of the Rabbit Accessory Nerve: Localization in the Nucleus Ambiguus

• Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 65(5), 291-301, 1988
• NAID 130004990528

Related Links

• Cranial root of accessory nerve | definition of cranial root of ...

cra·ni·al root of ac·ces·so·ry nerve [TA] the roots of the accessory nerve that arise from the medulla; the nerve fibers of the cranial root join the intracranial portion of the vagus nerve and are distributed to the pharyngeal plexus ...

• Accessory-nerve | Define Accessory-nerve at Dictionary.com

accessory nerve n. A nerve that arises by two sets of roots: the cranial set, arising from the side of the medulla, and the spinal set, arising from the ventrolateral part of the first five cervical segments of the spinal cord. These two roots ...

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「副神経延髄根」
関連記事	「root」「accessory」「cranial」「nerve」

「副神経延髄根」

　　[★]

英

cranial root of accessory nerve

「root」

　　[★]

• n.

• (神経の)神経根、(植物の)根、根菜類、(舌・耳・翼・指などの)付け根、根元、(歯・毛・つめなどの)根、根源、根本、核心、基礎、ルーツ

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「accessory」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 付属の、アクセサリーの、副

• n.

• 付属物

関

adjunct、adjunctive、appendage

　 　 　 　 　 　

「cranial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 頭蓋の、頭側の

関

cephalad、crania、cranium、rostral、skull

　 　

「nerve」

　　[★]

• n.

• 神経

関

nervi、nervous、nervus、neural、neuro、neuron