appurtenant

　

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1. 付属の,従属する;(…に)付属した《+『to』+『名』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/24 07:30:04」(JST)

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Appurtenances is a term for what belongs to and goes with something else, with the appurtenance being less significant than what it belongs to. The word ultimately derives from Latin appertinere, "to appertain".

In a legal context, an appurtenance could for instance refer to a back-yard that goes with the adjoining house. The idea being expressed is that the back-yard "belongs" to the house, which is the more significant of the two. In 1919, the Supreme Court of Minnesota adopted the following definition of an appurtenance: "That which belongs to something else. Something annexed to another thing more worthy." -- Cohen v Whitcomb, (1919 142 Minn 20).

In Gestalt theory, appurtenance (or "belongingness") is the relation between two things seen which exert influence on each other. For example, fields of color exert influence on each other. "A field part x is determined in its appearance by its 'appurtenance' to other field parts. The more x belongs to the field part y, the more will its whiteness be determined by the gradient xy, and the less it belongs to the part z, the less will its whiteness depend on the gradient xz."

In lexicology, an appurtenance is a modifier that is appended or prepended to another word to coin a new word that expresses "belongingness". In the English language, appurtenances are most commonly found in toponyms and demonyms, for example, 'Israeli', 'Bengali' etc. have an -i suffix of appurtenance.

See also

• Fixture (property law)
• Tenement (law)
• Contenement

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

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English Journal

• Temperature, plant species and residence time effects on nitrogen removal in model treatment wetlands.

• Allen CR1, Stein OR1, Hook PB2, Burr MD3, Parker AE3, Hafla EC4.Author information 1Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA E-mail: ottos@ce.montana.edu; Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.2Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA and Intermountain Aquatics, Inc. Driggs, ID, 83422, USA.3Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.4Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA E-mail: ottos@ce.montana.edu.AbstractTotal nitrogen (TN) removal in treatment wetlands (TWs) is challenging due to nitrogen cycle complexity and the variation of influent nitrogen species. Plant species, season, temperature and hydraulic loading most likely influence root zone oxygenation and appurtenant nitrogen removal, especially for ammonium-rich wastewater. Nitrogen data were collected from two experiments utilizing batch-loaded (3-, 6-, 9- and 20-day residence times), sub-surface TWs monitored for at least one year during which temperature was varied between 4 and 24 °C. Synthetic wastewater containing 17 mg/l N as NH4 and 27 mg/l amino-N, 450 mg/l chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 13 mg/l SO4-S was applied to four replicates of Carex utriculata, Schoenoplectus acutus and Typha latifolia and unplanted controls. Plant presence and species had a greater effect on TN removal than temperature or residence time. Planted columns achieved approximately twice the nitrogen removal of unplanted controls (40-95% versus 20-50% removal) regardless of season and temperature. TWs planted with Carex outperformed both Typha and Schoenoplectus and demonstrated less temperature dependency. TN removal with Carex was excellent at all temperatures and residence times; Schoenoplectus and Typha TN removal improved at longer residence times. Reductions in TN were not accompanied by increases in NO3, which was consistently below 1 mg/l N.
• Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.Water Sci Technol.2013;68(11):2337-43. doi: 10.2166/wst.2013.482.
• Total nitrogen (TN) removal in treatment wetlands (TWs) is challenging due to nitrogen cycle complexity and the variation of influent nitrogen species. Plant species, season, temperature and hydraulic loading most likely influence root zone oxygenation and appurtenant nitrogen removal, especially fo
• PMID 24334880

• Living with rheumatoid arthritis and experiencing everyday life with TNF-α blockers.

• Lindén C1, Björklund A.Author information 1Occupational Therapy Department, Hospital of Västervik, Västervik, Sweden.AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe how persons with RA from an area in western Sweden experience everyday life with TNF-α blockers. A purposive sampling of 11 women and four men, with an age ranging from 25 to 70 years, was conducted. A phenomenological approach was used in the study. The data were collected by unstructured in-depth interviews. The data analysis resulted in six code groups, of which four have appurtenant sub-groups. The six code groups are: "A noticeable change dominates the picture"; "Change in bodily and mental symptoms enables activity"; "Enabling care for oneself and others"; "Enabling improved or continued productivity"; "More rewarding leisure time"; and "Drawbacks of the medication". The findings show that most of the informants had experienced dramatic changes in their daily lives since the medication reduced their symptoms, resulting in an increased level of activity.
• Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy.Scand J Occup Ther.2010 Dec;17(4):326-34. doi: 10.3109/11038120903480055. Epub 2009 Dec 14.
• The aim of this study was to describe how persons with RA from an area in western Sweden experience everyday life with TNF-α blockers. A purposive sampling of 11 women and four men, with an age ranging from 25 to 70 years, was conducted. A phenomenological approach was used in the study. The data w
• PMID 20001643

• Radiation risks from exposure to chest computed tomography.

• Huppmann MV1, Johnson WB, Javitt MC.Author information 1Department of Radiology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.AbstractSince 1972, when the first clinical computed tomography (CT) scanner was installed, amazing advances in CT technology have spurned its rapid growth and increasing utilization. Although CT scans are often performed for clinically valid indications that enable proper medical decision-making, the introduction of some protocols has outpaced the scientific data supporting their appropriateness. Considering the growing volume of CT scans performed and the appurtenant risks of radiation exposure, any exposure of patients to radiation for unnecessary or undocumented indications is worrisome. In this paper, the radiation risks associated with chest CT in 3 specific scenarios are discussed: (1) lung cancer screening, for which scientific data demonstrating a reduction in lung cancer mortality is lacking; (2) CT coronary artery angiography, for which the peer reviewed scientific literature is in evolution as its clinical utility is defined and expanded; and (3) CT pulmonary angiography, which is now widely utilized as the imaging modality of choice in the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli. The risks and benefits of these studies will be reviewed in light of the population radiation burden and the appropriateness of each examination.
• Seminars in ultrasound, CT, and MR.Semin Ultrasound CT MR.2010 Feb;31(1):14-28. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2009.09.003.
• Since 1972, when the first clinical computed tomography (CT) scanner was installed, amazing advances in CT technology have spurned its rapid growth and increasing utilization. Although CT scans are often performed for clinically valid indications that enable proper medical decision-making, the intro
• PMID 20102692

Japanese Journal

• 債権譲渡における期限の利益喪失条項の随伴性-債権譲渡に随伴するか

• 宮川不可止
• 京都学園法学 (71), 83-98, 2013-09-16
• NAID 110009676432

• 債権譲渡における期限の利益喪失条項の随伴性 : 譲渡債権に随伴するか

• 宮川 不可止
• 京都学園法学 2013(1), 83-97, 2013
• NAID 40019834348

• 19世紀末〜1920年代の長春都市形成--長春城・商埠地・附属地を中心として (国際ワークショップ 東北アジアにおける社会的生活基盤の形成(1))

• 武 向平,Wu Xiangpin
• 環東アジア研究センター年報 (5), 52-64, 2010-02
• NAID 120005239818

Related Links

• appurtenant - Legal Dictionary - The Free Dictionary

appurtenant adj. pertaining to something that attaches. In real property law this describes any right or restriction which goes with that property, such as an easement to gain access across the neighbor's parcel, or a covenant (agreement ) ...

• appurtenant - definition of appurtenant by the Free Online Dictionary ...

Something added to another, more important thing; an appendage. See Synonyms at appendage. 2. appurtenances Equipment, such as clothing, tools, or instruments, used for a specific purpose or task; gear. 3. Law A right, privilege,  ...

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