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an additive that enhances the effectiveness of medical treatment
enhancing the action of a medical treatment; "the adjuvant action of certain bacteria"
a construction that can be used to extend the meaning of a word or phrase but is not one of the main constituents of a sentence
a person who is an assistant or subordinate to another
something added to another thing but not an essential part of it
of or relating to a person who is subordinate to another (同)assistant

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/25 15:45:04」(JST)

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An adjuvant (from Latin, adiuvare: to aid) is a pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents, such as a drug or vaccine. They are often included in vaccines to enhance the recipient's immune response to a supplied antigen, while keeping the injected foreign material to a minimum.^[1]^[2]

Immunologic adjuvants

Main article: Immunologic adjuvant

Immunologic adjuvants are added to vaccines to stimulate the immune system's response to the target antigen, but do not in themselves confer immunity. Adjuvants can act in various ways in presenting an antigen to the immune system. Adjuvants can act as a depot for the antigen, presenting the antigen over a long period of time, thus maximizing the immune response before the body clears the antigen. Examples of depot type adjuvants are oil emulsions. Adjuvants can also act as an irritant which causes the body to recruit and amplify its immune response.^[3] A tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccine, for example, contains minute quantities of toxins produced by each of the target bacteria, but also contains some aluminium hydroxide.^[4] Such aluminium salts are common adjuvants in vaccines sold in the United States and have been used in vaccines for over 70 years.^[5] The body's immune system develops an antitoxin to the bacteria's toxins, not to the aluminium, but would not respond enough without the help of the aluminium adjuvant.

Adjuvants as stabilizing agents

Although immunological adjuvants have traditionally been viewed as substances that aid the immune response to antigen, adjuvants have also evolved as substances that can aid in stabilizing formulations of antigens, especially for vaccines administered for animal health.^[3]

References

^ "ABC News: Swine Flu Vaccine: What The Heck Is an Adjuvant, Anyway? (2009)". Abcnews.go.com. 2009-08-11. http://abcnews.go.com/Health/SwineFluNews/story?id=8296948. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
^ "Definition of immunological adjuvant -- NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms". www.cancer.gov. http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/?CdrID=43987. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
^ ^a ^b "Adjuvants as stabilizing agents". Benchmark Biolabs, Inc.. http://benchmarkbiolabs.com/resources/about-adjuvants/. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
^ , GlaxoSmithKline, 2009
^ Clapp, Tanya; Siebert, Paul; Chen, Dexiang; Jones Braun, Latoya (2011). "Vaccines with aluminium-containing adjuvants: Optimizing vaccine efficacy and thermal stability". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 100 (2): 388–401. doi:10.1002/jps.22284. PMID 20740674.

External links

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/adjuvant-therapy/CA00012

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1. ホルモン受容体陽性または陰性のHER2陰性乳癌に対する補助化学療法 adjuvant chemotherapy for hormone receptor positive or negative her2 negative breast cancer
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English Journal

Examination of the optimal condition on the in vitro sensitivity to telomelysin in head and neck cancer cell lines.

Sakakibara A, Tsukuda M, Kondo N, Ishiguro Y, Kimura M, Fujita K, Takahashi H, Matsuda H.SourceDepartment of Biology and Function in the Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. t076024e@yokohama-cu.ac.jp
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PMID 21362583

Synergistic inhibition of malignant melanoma proliferation by melphalan combined with ultrasound and microbubbles.

Matsuo M, Yamaguchi K, Feril LB Jr, Endo H, Ogawa K, Tachibana K, Nakayama J.SourceDepartment of Anatomy, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City 814-0180, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka City 814-0180, Japan.
Ultrasonics sonochemistry." abstractLink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="Ultrason Sonochem.2011 Sep;18(5):1218-24. Epub 2011 Mar 16.
The cavitational effects of ultrasound (US) exposure induce transient pores on the cell membrane (sonoporation). Sonoporation have been applied in the field of cancer therapy by promoting delivery of extracellular molecules such as drugs and genes into cytoplasm. In addition, it is known that using
PMID 21459032

Approaches to immunotherapies for Japanese cedar pollinosis.

Sakaguchi M, Hirahara K, Fujimura T, Toda M.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. sakagum@azabu-u.ac.jp
Auris, nasus, larynx." abstractLink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="Auris Nasus Larynx.2011 Aug;38(4):431-8. Epub 2011 Jan 11.
Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica; CJ) pollinosis is a typical type I allergy induced by CJ pollen and one of the most common allergic diseases in Japan. New immunotherapies have been developed for treatment of CJ pollinosis. We focus here on new immunotherapies for CJ pollinosis including sublin
PMID 21227607

Japanese Journal

Failure of mycoplasma lipoprotein MALP-2 to induce NK cell activation through dendritic cell TLR2

Sawahata Ryoko,Shime Hiroaki,Yamazaki Sayuri,Inoue Norimitsu,Akazawa Takashi,Fujimoto Yukari,Fukase Koichi,Matsumoto Misako,Seya Tsukasa
Microbes and Infection 13(4), 350-358, 2011-04
… The results infer that MALP-2 is applicable to a cytokine inducer but not to an adjuvant for antitumor NK immunotherapy. …
NAID 120002912001

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NAID 110008007219

R0切除が行われたStage4大腸癌の補助化学療法 (大腸癌--最新の研究動向) -- (大腸癌の治療戦略)

大植雅之,能浦真吾,真貝竜史 [他]
日本臨床 69(-) (997), 422-426, 2011-04
NAID 40018805567

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「adjunct」「補助剤」「アジュバント」「佐剤」「佐薬」
拡張検索	「neoadjuvant chemotherapy」「Freund incomplete adjuvant」「incomplete Freund adjuvant」

「adjunct」

　　[★]

n.

添加物、付属物

Intravenous unfractionated heparin is typically infused to help maintain patency of the coronary vessel and is an important adjunct to modern fibrinolytic regimes.(PHD.187)