WordNet

make radioactive by adding radioactive material; "Dont drink the water--its contaminated"
the state of being contaminated (同)taint
the act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors (同)pollution
make impure; "The industrial wastes polluted the lake" (同)foul, contaminate
undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities
not corrupted by contact or association; "there is no culture uncontaminated by contact with the outside world"
free from admixture with noxious elements; clean; "unpolluted streams"; "a contaminated lake" (同)unpolluted
rid of contamination; "The soil around the housing development had to be decontaminated by the city"
contaminated by mercury
corrupted by contact or association; "contaminated evidence"
rendered unwholesome by contaminants and pollution; "had to boil the contaminated water"; "polluted lakes and streams" (同)polluted

PrepTutorEJDIC

(汚ないものなどとの接触・混合によって)…'を'汚す,汚染する;〈人など〉‘に'悪影響を及ぼす
〈U〉汚すこと,汚染[状態] / 〈C〉汚染するもの
(…で)〈水・空気・土など〉‘を'『汚す』,『汚染する』,不潔にする《+『名』+『with』(『by』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (道徳的に)〈精神〉‘を'汚す,堕落せせる / 〈聖地など〉‘を'冒涜(とく)する
(…を)『汚すこと』,汚染すること;(…が)『汚されていること』《+『of』+『名』》 / 汚染物質(地域)
…'を'浄化する / 〈物・場所〉‘から'有害物を除く,汚染を除く

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/05 17:59:59」(JST)

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This shows various contaminants and suspended impurities in water

For other uses, see Contamination (disambiguation).

Contamination is the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent (contaminant) in a material, in a physical body, in the natural environment, at a workplace, etc.

Specifics[edit]

"Contamination" also has more specific meanings in science and in geology:

In chemistry, the term usually describes a single constituent, but in specialized fields the term can also mean chemical mixtures, even up to the level of cellular materials.

All chemicals contain some level of impurity. Contamination may be recognized or not and may become an issue if the impure chemical is mixed with other chemicals or mixtures and causes additional chemical reactions. The additional chemical reactions can sometimes be beneficial, in which case the label ‘contaminant’ is replaced with reactant or catalyst. If the additional reactions are detrimental, other terms are often applied such as toxin, poison or pollutant depending on the chemistry involved. A major fraction of chemistry is involved with identifying, isolating, and studying contaminants.

In environmental chemistry the term is in some cases virtually equivalent to pollution, where the main interest is the harm done on a large scale to humans or to organisms or environments that are important to humans.

In radiation protection the radioactive contamination is radioactive substances on surfaces, or within solids, liquids or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirable, or the process giving rise to their presence in such places,.^[1]^[2]

Also used less formally to refer to a quantity, namely the activity on a surface (or on a unit area of a surface).

Contamination does not include residual radioactive material remaining at a site after the completion of decommissioning.

The term radioactive contamination may have a connotation that is not intended.

The term radioactive contamination refers only to the presence of radioactivity, and gives no indication of the magnitude of the hazard involved.

See also Environmental monitoring, Radiation monitoring

In food chemistry and medicinal chemistry, the term "contamination" is used to describe harmful intrusions, such as the presence of toxins or pathogens in food or medicinal drugs.
In forensic science, a contaminant can be complex materials such as hair or skin particles arising from sources not related to the ongoing investigation.
In the biological sciences accidental introduction of "foreign" material ('contamination') can seriously distort the results of experiments where small samples are used. In cases where the contaminant is a living microorganism, it can often multiply and take over the experiment, especially cultures, and render them useless.
In geology and especially geochemistry, it can have similar effects where even a few grains of "modern" dust can distort results of sophisticated experiments.
the term "contamination" is sometimes used to describe accidental transfers of organisms from one natural environment to another.
it has even been used in the "Directed panspermia" hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth, which suggests that visiting aliens accidentally infected the planet with microbes from their own world.^[3]

References[edit]

^ International Atomic Energy Agency (2007). IAEA Safety Glossary: Terminology Used in Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection. Vienna: IAEA. ISBN 92-0-100707-8.
^ International Atomic Energy Agency (2010). Programmes and Systems for Source and Environmental Radiation Monitoring. Safety Reports Series No. 64.. Vienna: IAEA. p. 234. ISBN 978-92-0-112409-8.
^ Crick, F. H.; Orgel, L. E. (1973). "Directed Panspermia". Icarus 19 (3): 341–348. Bibcode:1973Icar...19..341C. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(73)90110-3

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「汚染」「contamination」「混入」「コンタミ」「コンタミネーション」
拡張検索	「decontaminate」「uncontaminated」