- 関
- contaminate、pollute、pollution
WordNet
- the state of being contaminated (同)taint
- the act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors (同)pollution
- make impure; "The industrial wastes polluted the lake" (同)foul, contaminate
- make radioactive by adding radioactive material; "Dont drink the water--its contaminated"
- undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities
- the removal of contaminants
- state of being contaminated with dust
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉汚すこと,汚染[状態] / 〈C〉汚染するもの
- (…で)〈水・空気・土など〉‘を'『汚す』,『汚染する』,不潔にする《+『名』+『with』(『by』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (道徳的に)〈精神〉‘を'汚す,堕落せせる / 〈聖地など〉‘を'冒涜(とく)する
- (汚ないものなどとの接触・混合によって)…'を'汚す,汚染する;〈人など〉‘に'悪影響を及ぼす
- (…を)『汚すこと』,汚染すること;(…が)『汚されていること』《+『of』+『名』》 / 汚染物質(地域)
- 浄化,汚染の除去
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/02/15 23:17:18」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
For other uses, see Contamination (disambiguation).
Contamination is the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent, contaminant or impurity in a material, physical body, natural environment, workplace, etc.
Sciences
"Contamination" has also more specific meanings in science:
- In chemistry, the term usually describes a single constituent, but in specialized fields the term can also mean chemical mixtures, even up to the level of cellular materials. All chemicals contain some level of impurity. Contamination may be recognized or not and may become an issue if the impure chemical is mixed with other chemicals or mixtures and causes additional chemical reactions. The additional chemical reactions can sometimes be beneficial, in which case the label ‘contaminant’ is replaced with reactant or catalyst. If the additional reactions are detrimental, other terms are often applied such as toxin, poison or pollutant, depending on the type of molecule involved. A major fraction of chemistry is involved with identifying, isolating, and studying contaminants.
- In environmental chemistry the term is in some cases virtually equivalent to pollution, where the main interest is the harm done on a large scale to humans or to organisms or environments that are important to humans.
- In radiation protection the radioactive contamination is radioactive substances on surfaces, or within solids, liquids or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirable, or the process giving rise to their presence in such places,.[1][2]
- Also used less formally to refer to a quantity, namely the amount of radioactivity in a location or on a surface, or on a unit area of a surface, such as a square meter or centimeter.
- Contamination may include residual radioactive material remaining at a site after the completion of decommissioning of a site where there was a nuclear reactor, such as a power plant, experimental reactor, isotope reactor or a nuclear powered ship or submarine.
- The term radioactive contamination may have a connotation that is not intended. The term refers only to the presence of radioactivity, and gives no indication of the magnitude of the hazard involved.
See also Environmental monitoring, Radiation monitoring
- In food chemistry and medicinal chemistry, the term "contamination" is used to describe harmful intrusions, such as the presence of toxins or pathogens in food or pharmaceutical drugs, see food contaminant.
- In forensic science, a contaminant can be fingerprints, hair, skin or DNA from first responders or from sources not related to the ongoing investigation, such as family members or friends of the victim who are not suspects.
- In the biological sciences, accidental introduction of "foreign" material ('contamination') can seriously distort the results of experiments where small samples are used. In cases where the contaminant is a living microorganism, it can often multiply and take over the experiment, especially cultures, and render them useless.
- In geology and especially geochemistry, it can have similar effects where even a few grains of "modern" dust can distort results of sophisticated experiments.
- the term "contamination" is sometimes used to describe accidental transfers of organisms from one natural environment to another.
- it has even been used in the "directed panspermia" hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth, which suggests that visiting aliens accidentally infected the planet with microbes from their own world.[3]
References
- ^ International Atomic Energy Agency (2007). IAEA Safety Glossary: Terminology Used in Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection. Vienna: IAEA. ISBN 92-0-100707-8.
- ^ International Atomic Energy Agency (2010). Programmes and Systems for Source and Environmental Radiation Monitoring. Safety Reports Series No. 64. Vienna: IAEA. p. 234. ISBN 978-92-0-112409-8.
- ^ Crick, F. H.; Orgel, L. E. (1973). "Directed Panspermia". Icarus 19 (3): 341–348. Bibcode:1973Icar...19..341C. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(73)90110-3
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Quantitative detection of fecal contamination with domestic poultry feces in environments in China.
- Zhuang FF1,2, Li H1, Zhou XY1, Zhu YG1, Su JQ3.
- AMB Express.AMB Express.2017 Dec;7(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s13568-017-0379-0. Epub 2017 Apr 14.
- PMID 28411348
- Isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria from soil using Middlebrook 7H10 agar with increased malachite green concentration.
- Hu Y1, Yu X2, Zhao D1, Li R1, Liu Y1, Ge M1, Hu H1.
- AMB Express.AMB Express.2017 Dec;7(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s13568-017-0373-6. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
- PMID 28337735
- Genetic relatedness of faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria isolated from water and sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa.
- Ekwanzala MD1, Abia ALK2, Ubomba-Jaswa E3, Keshri J2, Momba NBM4.
- AMB Express.AMB Express.2017 Dec;7(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s13568-016-0319-4. Epub 2017 Jan 7.
- PMID 28063147
- The Influence of Short-Range Correlation on the Phonon Confinement of a Single ZnO Nanowire.
- Shih PH1, Wu SY2.
- Nanoscale research letters.Nanoscale Res Lett.2017 Dec;12(1):264. doi: 10.1186/s11671-017-2013-0. Epub 2017 Apr 8.
- PMID 28395482
Japanese Journal
- Optimization of hollow cathode discharge electrode for damage free remote plasma removal process for semiconductor manufacturing
- 里山の放射能汚染の実態と復興への課題 : 川俣町山木屋地区における帰還へむけた取組と課題 (大震災復興特集(No.14)東日本大震災から5年)
- 熟練者のナレッジを導入したコンバイン機内清掃マニュアル
- 農業食料工学会誌 = Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 78(2), 173-178, 2016-03
- NAID 40020758902
- 長野県短期大学紀要 = Journal of Nagano Prefectural College 70, 25-32, 2016-03
- NAID 120005742469
Related Links
- contaminationとは。意味や和訳。[名]1 [U]汚す[される]こと, 汚濁(pollution), （放射能）汚染；((比喩))堕落, 汚れ.2 [C]汚染物質, 汚（濁）物, 不純物；堕落させるもの, 悪影響.3 [U]《言語学》混成（語）, 混合文（brunch＝breakfast ...
- 無料日本語辞書で'contamination'を翻訳。他の日本語 翻訳の結果: #similarterm1#、#similarterm2#、#similarterm3# ... 新しい英語-日本語翻訳を提案する 世界最大のオンライン辞書を作っていきましょう。日本語で辞書にない砕けた表現や ...
- noun 1. the act of contaminating. 2. the state of being contaminated. 3. something that contaminates. 4. Linguistics. a. an alternation in a linguistic form due ... c.1600, from L. contaminationem, noun of action from contaminare (see contaminate
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- contamination、pollution、contaminate、pollute
- 関
- コンタミ、コンタミネーション、混入
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- 関
- contamination、pollute、pollution
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- 英
- contamination、contaminate
- 関
- 汚染、コンタミ、コンタミネーション
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- 英
- contamination、contaminate
- 関
- 汚染、コンタミネーション、混入
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- 英
- contamination、contaminate
- 関
- 汚染、コンタミ、混入
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- 関
- environmental pollution
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- 関
- soil pollution