WordNet

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); "the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure" (同)pressure level, force per unit area
an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal" (同)pressure_sensation
a force that compels; "the public brought pressure to bear on the government"
of or relating to osmosis; "osmotic pressure"
a mixture with properties between those of a solution and fine suspension

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『押すこと』,『押しつけること』,圧搾,圧縮;〈C〉〈U〉『圧力』,圧力の強さ / 〈U〉『圧迫』,『強制』 / 〈U〉(不快な)圧迫感 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的な)重荷,苦脳;(時間・金銭的)切迫 / 〈U〉多忙,あわただしさ / 《おもに米》…‘に'圧力をかける,強制する(《英》pressurise)
浸透する;浸透性の
にわか質の,ころいど性の / コロイド,膠(こう)質

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/03 00:56:19」(JST)

wiki en

Oncotic pressure, or colloid osmotic pressure, is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system. It is the opposing force to hydrostatic pressure. It has a major effect on the glomerular filter pressure.

Description

Throughout the body, dissolved compounds have an osmotic pressure. Because large plasma proteins cannot easily cross through the capillary walls, their effect on the osmotic pressure of the capillary interiors will, to some extent, balance out the tendency for fluid to leak out of the capillaries. In other words, the oncotic pressure tends to pull fluid into the capillaries. In conditions where plasma proteins are reduced, e.g. from being lost in the urine (proteinuria) or from malnutrition, there will be a reduction in oncotic pressure and an increase in filtration across the capillary, resulting in excess fluid buildup in the tissues (edema).

The large majority of oncotic pressure in capillaries is generated by the presence of high quantities of albumin, which can be identified as a protein, and constitutes approximately 80% of the total oncotic pressure exerted by blood plasma on interstitial fluid. The total oncotic pressure of an average capillary is about 28 mmHg with albumin contributing approximately 22 mmHg of this oncotic pressure. Because blood proteins cannot escape through capillary endothelium, oncotic pressure of capillary beds tends to draw water into the vessels. It is necessary to understand the oncotic pressure as a balance; because the blood proteins reduce interior permeability, less plasma fluid can exit the vessel. ^[1]

Oncotic pressure is represented by the symbol Π or π in the Starling equation and elsewhere.

Types of fluids

In the clinical setting, there are two types of fluids that are used for intravenous drips: crystalloids and colloids. Crystalloids are aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin. Oncotic pressure values are approximately 290 mOsm per kg of water, which slightly differs from the osmotic pressure of the blood that has values approximating 300 mOsm /L.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Guyton, Arthur; Hall, John (2006). "Chapter 16: The Microcirculation and the Lymphatic System". In Gruliow, Rebecca. Textbook of Medical Physiology (Book) (11th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Elsevier Inc. pp. 187–188. ISBN 0-7216-0240-1.

External links

Overview at cvphysiology.com

This cardiovascular system article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Isoflurane in Contrast to Propofol Promotes Fluid Extravasation during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Pigs.

Brekke HK, Hammersborg SM, Lundemoen S, Mongstad A, Kvalheim VL, Haugen O, Husby P.Source* Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, † Research Fellow, ‡ Research Assistant, § Associate Professor, Section for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.‖ Post-doctor, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, # Professor, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital.
Anesthesiology.Anesthesiology.2013 May 28. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND:: A highly positive intraoperative fluid balance should be prevented as it negatively impacts patient outcome. Analysis of volume-kinetics has identified an increase in interstitial fluid volume after crystalloid fluid loading during isoflurane anesthesia. Isoflurane has also been associa
PMID 23719612

In vitro effects of three formulations of hydroxyethyl starch solutions on coagulation and platelet function in horses.

Blong AE, Epstein KL, Brainard BM.SourceDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
American journal of veterinary research.Am J Vet Res.2013 May;74(5):712-20. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.74.5.712.
Objective-To investigate the in vitro effects of 3 hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions on viscoelastic coagulation testing and platelet function in horses. Sample-Blood samples collected from 7 healthy adult horses. Procedures-Blood samples were diluted with various crystalloid and HES solutions to
PMID 23627384

Hemorheological implications of perfluorocarbon based oxygen carrier interaction with colloid plasma expanders and blood.

Vásquez DM, Ortiz D, Alvarez OA, Briceño JC, Cabrales P.SourceDept. of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Biotechnology progress.Biotechnol Prog.2013 Apr 18. doi: 10.1002/btpr.1724. [Epub ahead of print]
Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions used as artificial oxygen carriers lack colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and must be administered with colloid-based plasma expanders (PEs). Although PFC emulsions have been widely studied, there is limited information about PFC emulsion interaction with PEs and blood.
PMID 23606592

Japanese Journal

O-92 透析治療中の血漿浸透圧・膠質浸透圧・電解質浸透圧の経時的計測を用いた心機能前負荷・後負荷の動態と小中分子除去能について(循環系疾患,一般演題21,第35回日本アフェレシス学会学術大会)

松井豊
日本アフェレシス学会雑誌 33(Supplement), 198, 2014-09-26
NAID 110009874604

体外循環中のヘパリナーゼテストACTの有用性の検討

西中巧,笠野靖代,上塚翼,高宗伸次,江藤志保,荒木康幸
体外循環技術 = The journal of extra-corporeal technology 40(1), 59-63, 2013-03-01
NAID 10031164327

体外循環前後の酸素化能に体外循環中の因子は関連するか？

倉島直樹,小堺昭,星野春奈,佐藤由利,荒井裕国
体外循環技術 40(4), 496-501, 2013
　体外循環（cardio-pulmonary bypass：CPB）中、希釈による膠質浸透圧の低下や人工材料あるいは空気との接触などにより補体が活性化される。補体の活性化は生体防御機構により血管膜透過性を亢進させ、呼吸機能に重大な影響を与える。<BR>　そこで我々は、CPB中の因子がCPB前後での酸素加能に影響を与えるか検討した。対象は2013年3月から8月までの除外症例除く17例で、 …
NAID 130003397748

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リンク元	「COP」「膠質浸透圧」
拡張検索	「capillary colloid osmotic pressure」
関連記事	「osmotic」「colloides」「colloid」「pressure」