鉤爪趾
WordNet
- walk so that the toes assume an indicated position or direction; "She toes inwards"
- (golf) the part of a clubhead farthest from the shaft
- the part of footwear that provides a covering for the toes
- forepart of a hoof
- one of the digits of the foot
- drive obliquely; "toe a nail" (同)toenail
- drive (a golf ball) with the toe of the club
- hit (a golf ball) with the toe of the club
- touch with the toe
- scratch, scrape, pull, or dig with claws or nails
- a grasping structure on the limb of a crustacean or other arthropods (同)chela, nipper, pincer
- a birds foot
- sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles
- attack as if with claws; "The politician clawed his rival"
- clutch as if in panic; "She clawed the doorknob"
- move as if by clawing, seizing, or digging; "They clawed their way to the top of the mountain"
- having a toe or toes of a specified kind; often used in combination; "long-toed; "five-toed"
- having or resembling a claw or claws; often used as a combining form; "sharp-clawed"
- (of predatory animals) armed with claws or talons (同)taloned
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『足の指』 / (靴・靴下などの)『つま先』 / (動物の)足指に相当する部分;ひずめの前部 / (形・位置・機能が)足指に似たもの / 〈靴・靴下など〉‘に'つま先を付ける / 〈くぎなど〉‘を'斜めに打ち込む / (斜めに打ち込んだくぎで)…‘を'締める,留める / つま先をある方向に向ける
- 《方向》(1)(到着の意を含めて)…『へ』,に,まで / 《状況の変化》…[のほう]へ;…に[なるまで],その結果…になる / 《適用範囲》(1)《動詞に伴って》『…に対して』,に,へ / (2)《形容詞[句]・[代]名倍に伴って》『…に対して』 / 《程度・範囲》『…[に至る]まで』 / 《時間の終り》『…まで』(till) / 《to one's+『名』の形で》(…が)『…したことに[は]』 / 《比較・対比・割合》『…と比べて』,より,に対して / 《一致・適合》『…に合わせて』,に合って,に応じて / 《目的・意図》『…のために』 / 《運命・境遇》『…に』 / 《所属・関係》『…へ』,に[対して] / 《付加・付着・固執》『…に』 / 《対立・対向》…に[対して] / いつもの状態(位置)に / 停止(閉鎖)の状態に / 活動状態に(へ),仕事に
- 《名詞的用法》『…すること』 / 《形容詞的用法》『…するための,すべき』 / 《副詞的用法》『…するために』,して,するとは,すれば / 《独立用法》 / 《文全体を修飾する慣用語句》…すれば,してみると,…だが / 短縮文
- (鳥・動物の足の)『かぎづめ』;かぎづめのある足 / (エビ・カニなどの)はさみ / かぎづめの形をした物(くぎ抜きなど) / …'を'かぎづめでひっかく(引き裂く) / …'を'かぎづめでひっかいて作る
- 足指のある / 《複合語を作って》足指が…の:five-toed 足指が5本の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/10 21:10:08」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Hammer toe |
|
A mallet toe is evident on the 3rd digit
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| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
medical genetics |
| ICD-10 |
M20.4, Q66.8 |
| ICD-9-CM |
735.4, 755.66 |
| MedlinePlus |
001235 |
| MeSH |
D037801 |
A hammer toe or contracted toe is a deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second, third, or fourth toe causing it to be permanently bent, resembling a hammer. Mallet toe is a similar condition affecting the distal interphalangeal joint.[1][2]
Claw toe is another similar condition, with dorsiflexion of the proximal phalanx on the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint, combined with flexion of both the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints. Claw toe can affect the second, third, fourth, or fifth toes.
Contents
- 1 Causes
- 2 Treatment
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Causes
Hammer toe most frequently results from wearing poorly fitting shoes that can force the toe into a bent position, such as excessively high heels or shoes that are too short or narrow for the foot. Having the toes bent for long periods of time can cause the muscles in them to shorten, resulting in the hammer toe deformity. This is often found in conjunction with bunions or other foot problems (e.g., a bunion can force the big toe to turn inward and push the other toes). It can also be caused by muscle, nerve, or joint damage resulting from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, complex regional pain syndrome or diabetes.[3] Hammer toe can also be found in Friedreich's ataxia (GAA trinucleotide repeat).
Corrective surgery for hammer toe
Treatment
In many cases, conservative treatment consisting of physical therapy and new shoes with soft, spacious toe boxes is enough to resolve the condition, while in more severe or longstanding cases podiatric surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity. The patient's doctor may also prescribe some toe exercises that can be done at home to stretch and strengthen the muscles. For example, the individual can gently stretch the toes manually, or use the toes to pick things up off the floor. While watching television or reading, one can put a towel flat under the feet and use the toes to crumple it. The doctor can also prescribe a brace that pushes down on the toes to force them to stretch out their muscles.[citation needed]
References
- ^ American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
- ^ Mayo Clinic, "Hammertoe and mallet toe"
- ^ "Hammer toe and mallet toe – causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
External links
- Hammer Toe - American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons
- Hammer Toes - American Podiatric Medical Association
- Aetna Clinical Policy Bulletin: Hammertoe Repair Guidelines for surgical repair
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Musculoskeletal disorders: Acquired musculoskeletal deformities (M20–M25, M95, 734–738)
|
|
| Upper limb |
| shoulder |
- Winged scapula
- Adhesive capsulitis
- Rotator cuff tear
- Subacromial bursitis
|
|
| elbow |
- Cubitus valgus
- Cubitus varus
|
|
| hand deformity |
- Wrist drop
- Boutonniere deformity
- Swan neck deformity
|
|
|
| Lower limb |
| hip |
- Protrusio acetabuli
- Coxa valga
- Coxa vara
|
|
| leg |
|
|
| patella |
- Luxating patella
- Chondromalacia patellae
- Patella baja
- Patella alta
|
|
| foot deformity |
- Bunion/hallux valgus
- Hallux varus
- Hallux rigidus
- Hammer toe
- Foot drop
- Flat feet
- Club foot
|
|
| knee |
|
|
|
| Head |
|
|
| General terms |
- Valgus deformity/Varus deformity
- Joint stiffness
- Ligamentous laxity
|
|
|
Index of joint
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- head and neck
- cranial
- arms
- torso and pelvis
- legs
- bursae and sheathes
- Physiology
|
|
| Disease |
- Arthritis
- acquired
- back
- childhood
- soft tissue
- Congenital
- Injury
- Symptoms and signs
- Examination
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gout
- topical analgesics
|
|
|
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Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system / musculoskeletal abnormality (Q65–Q76, 754–756.3)
|
|
Appendicular
limb / dysmelia |
| Upper |
| clavicle / shoulder: |
- Cleidocranial dysostosis
- Sprengel's deformity
- Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome
|
|
| hand deformity: |
- Madelung's deformity
- Clinodactyly
- Oligodactyly
- Polydactyly
|
|
|
| Lower |
| hip: |
- Dislocation of hip / Hip dysplasia
- Upington disease
- Coxa valga
- Coxa vara
|
|
| knee: |
- Genu valgum
- Genu varum
- Genu recurvatum
- Discoid meniscus
- Congenital patellar dislocation
- Congenital knee dislocation
|
|
| foot deformity: |
- varus
- valgus
- Pes cavus
- Rocker bottom foot
- Hammer toe
|
|
|
| Either / both |
| dactyly / digit: |
- Polydactyly / Syndactyly
- Arachnodactyly
- Cenani–Lenz syndactylism
- Ectrodactyly
- Brachydactyly
|
|
| reduction deficits / limb: |
- Acheiropodia
- ectromelia
- Phocomelia
- Amelia
- Hemimelia
|
|
| multiple joints: |
- Arthrogryposis
- Larsen syndrome
- Rapadilino syndrome
|
|
|
|
| Axial |
| Craniofacial |
| Craniosynostosis: |
- Scaphocephaly
- Oxycephaly
- Trigonocephaly
|
|
| Craniofacial dysostosis: |
- Crouzon syndrome
- Hypertelorism
- Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
- Treacher Collins syndrome
|
|
| other: |
- Macrocephaly
- Platybasia
- Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
- Dolichocephaly
- Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
- Plagiocephaly
- Saddle nose
|
|
|
| Vertebral column |
- spinal curvature
- Klippel–Feil syndrome
- Spondylolisthesis
- Spina bifida occulta
- Sacralization
|
|
| Thoracic skeleton |
| ribs: |
|
|
| sternum: |
- Pectus excavatum
- Pectus carinatum
|
|
|
|
|
Index of joint
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- head and neck
- cranial
- arms
- torso and pelvis
- legs
- bursae and sheathes
- Physiology
|
|
| Disease |
- Arthritis
- acquired
- back
- childhood
- soft tissue
- Congenital
- Injury
- Symptoms and signs
- Examination
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gout
- topical analgesics
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Analysis of foot health records from 17 confinement dairies.
- Defrain JM, Socha MT, Tomlinson DJ.SourceZinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344. Electronic address: jdefrain@zinpro.com.
- Journal of dairy science.J Dairy Sci.2013 Nov;96(11):7329-39. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-6017. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
- Foot health records are useful in monitoring the degree of lameness within dairy herds and, perhaps more importantly, providing insight into the underlying factors causing lameness. A database containing the incidence of foot lesions on large confinement dairy operations is largely unavailable but c
- PMID 23992979
- [Pedobarographic results of Girdlestone-Taylor tendon transfer in flexible small toe deformity.]
- Gutteck N, Panian M, Wohlrab D, Radetzki F, Delank KS, Zeh A.SourceDepartment für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 22, 061220, Halle, Deutschland, natalia@gutteck.com.
- Der Orthopade.Orthopade.2013 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]
- AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the biomechanical effects of flexible claw toe correction by tendon transfer with the Girdlestone-Taylor approach using dynamic pedobarography.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the study 12 patients were examined preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. The res
- PMID 24145966
- The plantar fat pad and the diabetic foot - a review.
- Dalal S, Widgerow AD, Evans GR.SourceSaint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- International wound journal.Int Wound J.2013 Oct 17. doi: 10.1111/iwj.12173. [Epub ahead of print]
- There has been much debate concerning the pathologic consequences of diabetes on the plantar fat pad and its subsequent association with the development of a foot ulcer. This review article documents two theories regarding pathophysiology in diabetic foot ulcer formation as they are related to the p
- PMID 24131727
Japanese Journal
- 糖尿病性末梢神経障害による claw toe に対する屈筋腱切離術の経験
- 藤井 美樹,長谷川 泰子,小泉 郷士,寺師 浩人
- 日形会誌 : 日本形成外科学会会誌 = Journal of Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 32(8), 556-561, 2012-08-20
- NAID 10031041535
- 平本 貴義,白仁田 厚
- 日本足の外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot 32(2), 103-105, 2011-05-31
- NAID 10029404823
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- claw toe, hammer toe
- 同
- 鷲爪趾、槌趾
- 関
- 鉤爪趾、鉤爪様趾
[★]
- 足指のある、つま先のある、(くぎを)斜めに打ち込んだ
[★]
鉤爪
- 関
- hoof、hooves
[★]
[★]