hammer toe

槌趾

WordNet

1. beat with or as if with a hammer; "hammer the metal flat"
2. the part of a gunlock that strikes the percussion cap when the trigger is pulled (同)cock
3. the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows); "the sudden hammer of fists caught him off guard"; "the pounding of feet on the hallway" (同)pound, hammering, pounding
4. a power tool for drilling rocks (同)power hammer
5. a hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle; used to deliver an impulsive force by striking
6. a heavy metal sphere attached to a flexible wire; used in the hammer throw
7. a striker that is covered in felt and that causes the piano strings to vibrate
8. walk so that the toes assume an indicated position or direction; "She toes inwards"
9. (golf) the part of a clubhead farthest from the shaft
10. the part of footwear that provides a covering for the toes
11. forepart of a hoof
12. one of the digits of the foot
13. drive obliquely; "toe a nail" (同)toenail
14. drive (a golf ball) with the toe of the club
15. hit (a golf ball) with the toe of the club
16. touch with the toe
17. having a toe or toes of a specified kind; often used in combination; "long-toed; "five-toed"
18. shaped or worked with a hammer and often showing hammer marks; "a bowl of hammered brass"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『金づち』,ハンマー / ハンマーに似た物,(銃の)撃鉄,(ピアノの弦を打つフェルトの)つち,(競売人の)木づち,(ベる・ゴングなどの)打ち子 / (ハンマー投げの)ハンマー / (耳の中の)槌骨(ついこつ) / (金づち・こぶしなどで)…‘を'『こつこつとたたく』(『打つ』)《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / …‘を'つちでたたいて作る《+『名』+『out,』+『out』+『名』》 / (人の頭に)〈考え・事柄など〉‘を'繰り返して教え込む《+『名』+『into』(『in』)+『名』》 / 《話》〈相手〉‘を'打ち負かす,やっつける / (…を)金づちで打つ;(つえやこぶしなどで)(…を)ドンドンとたたく《+『at』(『on』)+『名』》
2. 『足の指』 / (靴・靴下などの)『つま先』 / (動物の)足指に相当する部分;ひずめの前部 / (形・位置・機能が)足指に似たもの / 〈靴・靴下など〉‘に'つま先を付ける / 〈くぎなど〉‘を'斜めに打ち込む / (斜めに打ち込んだくぎで)…‘を'締める,留める / つま先をある方向に向ける
3. 《方向》(1)(到着の意を含めて)…『へ』,に,まで / 《状況の変化》…[のほう]へ;…に[なるまで],その結果…になる / 《適用範囲》(1)《動詞に伴って》『…に対して』,に,へ / (2)《形容詞[句]・[代]名倍に伴って》『…に対して』 / 《程度・範囲》『…[に至る]まで』 / 《時間の終り》『…まで』(till) / 《to one's+『名』の形で》(…が)『…したことに[は]』 / 《比較・対比・割合》『…と比べて』,より,に対して / 《一致・適合》『…に合わせて』,に合って,に応じて / 《目的・意図》『…のために』 / 《運命・境遇》『…に』 / 《所属・関係》『…へ』,に[対して] / 《付加・付着・固執》『…に』 / 《対立・対向》…に[対して] / いつもの状態(位置)に / 停止(閉鎖)の状態に / 活動状態に(へ),仕事に
4. 《名詞的用法》『…すること』 / 《形容詞的用法》『…するための,すべき』 / 《副詞的用法》『…するために』,して,するとは,すれば / 《独立用法》 / 《文全体を修飾する慣用語句》…すれば,してみると,…だが / 短縮文
5. 足指のある / 《複合語を作って》足指が…の:five-toed 足指が5本の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/28 13:01:44」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Hammer toe
A mallet toe is evident on the 3rd digit
Classification and external resources
Specialty	medical genetics
ICD-10	M20.4, Q66.8
ICD-9-CM	735.4, 755.66
MedlinePlus	001235
MeSH	D037801

A hammer toe or contracted toe is a deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second, third, or fourth toe causing it to be permanently bent, resembling a hammer. Mallet toe is a similar condition affecting the distal interphalangeal joint.

Claw toe is another similar condition, with dorsiflexion of the proximal phalanx on the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint, combined with flexion of both the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints. Claw toe can affect the second, third, fourth, or fifth toes.

Causes

Hammer toe most frequently results from wearing poorly fitting shoes that can force the toe into a bent position, such as excessively high heels or shoes that are too short or narrow for the foot. Having the toes bent for long periods of time can cause the muscles in them to shorten, resulting in the hammer toe deformity. This is often found in conjunction with bunions or other foot problems (e.g., a bunion can force the big toe to turn inward and push the other toes). It can also be caused by muscle, nerve, or joint damage resulting from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, complex regional pain syndrome or diabetes. Hammer toe can also be found in Friedreich's ataxia (GAA trinucleotide repeat).

Corrective surgery for hammer toe

Treatment

In many cases, conservative treatment consisting of physical therapy and new shoes with soft, spacious toe boxes is enough to resolve the condition, while in more severe or longstanding cases podiatric surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity. The patient's doctor may also prescribe some toe exercises that can be done at home to stretch and strengthen the muscles. For example, the individual can gently stretch the toes manually, or use the toes to pick things up off the floor. While watching television or reading, one can put a towel flat under the feet and use the toes to crumple it. The doctor can also prescribe a brace that pushes down on the toes to force them to stretch out their muscles.

References

External links

• Hammer Toe - American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons
• Hammer Toes - American Podiatric Medical Association
• Aetna Clinical Policy Bulletin: Hammertoe Repair Guidelines for surgical repair

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 成人における足の痛みの評価と一般的な原因の診断 evaluation and diagnosis of common causes of foot pain in adults
• 2. シャルコーマリートゥース病などの一次性の遺伝性運動感覚性ニューロパチー hereditary primary motor sensory neuropathies including charcot marie tooth disease
• 3. フリードライヒ失調症 friedreich ataxia
• 4. 小児期の限局性強皮症 localized scleroderma in childhood
• 5. 遺伝性ニューロパチーの概要 overview of hereditary neuropathies

English Journal

• Percutaneous correction of second toe proximal deformity: Proximal interphalangeal release, flexor digitorum brevis tenotomy and proximal phalanx osteotomy.

• Frey S1, Hélix-Giordanino M2, Piclet-Legré B2.
• Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR.Orthop Traumatol Surg Res.2015 Aug 25. pii: S1877-0568(15)00163-2. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.06.009. [Epub ahead of print]
• We report the results of a percutaneous technique to correct a proximal plantar flexion deformity of the second toe that combines several procedures: tenotomy of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis, plantar capsulotomy for release of the proximal interphalangeal joint and proximal phalangeal osteotomy. The
• PMID 26321465

• Correction of Hammer Toe Deformity of Lateral Toes With Subtraction Osteotomy of the Proximal Phalanx Neck.

• Ceccarini P1, Ceccarini A2, Rinonapoli G3, Caraffa A4.
• The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.J Foot Ankle Surg.2015 Jul-Aug;54(4):601-6. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2014.11.013. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
• Existing techniques for surgical treatment of hammer toe commonly combine skeletal and soft tissues interventions to obtain a durable correction of the deformity, balance the musculotendinous forces of flexion and extension of the toe, and normalization of the relations between interosseous muscles
• PMID 25746765

Japanese Journal

• かぎ爪様趾に対する長拇趾屈筋や長趾屈筋へのボツリヌス毒素施注時の注意点

• The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 52(10), 615-620, 2015
• NAID 130005109079

• 母材打撃ハンマーピーニングによる溶接継手の疲労強度向上機構

• 溶接学会論文集 33(2), 111-117, 2015
• NAID 130005071181

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「槌趾」「鉤爪趾」
拡張検索	「hammer toe syndrome」「hammer toe症候群」
関連記事	「toed」「toe」「hammer」「to」

「槌趾」

　　[★]

英

hammer toe

同

ハンマー趾

関

槌趾症候群、鉤爪趾、鉤爪様趾

「鉤爪趾」

　　[★]

英

claw toe, hammer toe

同

鷲爪趾、槌趾

関

鉤爪趾、鉤爪様趾

「hammer toe syndrome」

　　[★]

槌趾症候群、hammer toe症候群

関

hammer toe

「hammer toe症候群」

　　[★]

英

hammer toe syndrome

関

槌趾症候群

「toed」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 足指のある、つま先のある、(くぎを)斜めに打ち込んだ

「toe」

　　[★]

• n.

• つま先

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「hammer」

　　[★] ツチ骨 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「to」

　　[★]

• prep.

• ～の方向に向かって、～へ