関: cerebrovascular

WordNet

of or relating to the brain and the blood vessels that supply it; "a cerebrovascular accident"
smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea
a craft designed for water transportation (同)watercraft
an object used as a container (especially for liquids)
a tube in which a body fluid circulates (同)vas
of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; "cerebral hemisphere"; "cerebral activity"
involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; "a cerebral approach to the problem"; "cerebral drama" (同)intellectual

PrepTutorEJDIC

『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
(比較的大型の)『船』 / (特に液体を入れる)容器,器 / (動植物の)『管』,導管,脈管
大脳の,脳の / 頭脳的な,知的な
純血の,純種の / 《複合語を作って》「…の血(性質)を持った」の意を表す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/23 16:52:39」(JST)

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Cerebral blood flow (CBF), is the blood supply to the brain in a given time.^[1]^{[broken citation]} In an adult, CBF is typically 750 millilitres per minute or 15% of the cardiac output. This equates to an average perfusion of 50 to 54 millilitres of blood per 100 grams of brain tissue per minute.^[2]^[3]^[4] CBF is tightly regulated to meet the brain's metabolic demands.^[2]^[5] Too much blood (a condition known as hyperemia) can raise intracranial pressure (ICP), which can compress and damage delicate brain tissue. Too little blood flow (ischemia) results if blood flow to the brain is below 18 to 20 ml per 100 g per minute, and tissue death occurs if flow dips below 8 to 10 ml per 100 g per minute. In brain tissue, a biochemical cascade known as the ischemic cascade is triggered when the tissue becomes ischemic, potentially resulting in damage to and death of brain cells. Medical professionals must take steps to maintain proper CBF in patients who have conditions like shock, stroke, Cerebral edema, and traumatic brain injury.

Cerebral blood flow is determined by a number of factors, such as viscosity of blood, how dilated blood vessels are, and the net pressure of the flow of blood into the brain, known as cerebral perfusion pressure, which is determined by the body's blood pressure. Cerebral blood vessels are able to change the flow of blood through them by altering their diameters in a process called autoregulation; they constrict when systemic blood pressure is raised and dilate when it is lowered.^[6] Arterioles also constrict and dilate in response to different chemical concentrations. For example, they dilate in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.^[6]

CBF is equal to the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) divided by the cerebrovascular resistance (CVR):^[7]

CBF = CPP / CVR

Control of CBF is considered in terms of the factors affecting CPP and the factors affecting CVR. CVR is controlled by four major mechanisms:

Metabolic control (or 'metabolic autoregulation')
Pressure autoregulation
Chemical control (by arterial pCO₂ and pO₂)
Neural control

Functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography are neuroimaging techniques that can both be used to measure CBF. These techniques are also used to measure regional CBF (rCBF) within a specific brain region. rCBF at one location can be measured over time by thermal diffusion^[8]

Role of intracranial pressure

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) causes decreased blood perfusion of brain cells by mainly two mechanisms:

Increased ICP constitutes an increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure that, in turn, causes a decreased driving force for capillary filtration from intracerebral blood vessels.
Increased ICP compresses cerebral arteries, causing increased cerebrovascular resistance (CVR).

References

^ Tolias C and Sgouros S. 2006. "Initial Evaluation and Management of CNS Injury." Emedicine.com. Accessed January 4, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Orlando Regional Healthcare, Education and Development. 2004. "Overview of Adult Traumatic Brain Injuries." Accessed 2008-01-16.
^ Shepherd S. 2004. "Head Trauma." Emedicine.com. Shepherd S. 2004. "Head Trauma." Emedicine.com. Accessed January 4, 2007.
^ Walters, FJM. 1998. "Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow." Physiology. Issue 8, Article 4. Accessed January 4, 2007.
^ Singh J and Stock A. 2006. "Head Trauma." Emedicine.com. Accessed January 4, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Kandel E.R., Schwartz, J.H., Jessell, T.M. 2000. Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York. p.1305
^ AnaesthesiaUK. 2007. Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF). Accessed 2007-10-16.
^ P. Vajkoczy, H. Roth, P. Horn, T. Lucke, C. Thome, U. Hubner, G. T. Martin, C. Zappletal, E. Klar, L. Schilling, and P. Schmiedek, “Continuous monitoring of regional cerebral blood flow: experimental and clinical validation of a novel thermal diffusion microprobe,” J. Neurosurg., vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 265–274, Aug. 2000. [1]

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

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Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is best known as a key regulator of the formation of new blood vessels. Neutralization of VEGF-A with anti-VEGF therapy e.g. bevacizumab, can be painful, and this is hypothesized to result from a loss of VEGF-A-mediated neuroprotection. The multiple vegf
PMID 25151644

Japanese Journal

Selective white matter abnormalities in a novel rat model of vascular dementia.

Kitamura Akihiro,Fujita Youshi,Oishi Naoya,Kalaria Raj N,Washida Kazuo,Maki Takakuni,Okamoto Yoko,Hase Yoshiki,Yamada Mahito,Takahashi Jun,Ito Hidefumi,Tomimoto Hidekazu,Fukuyama Hidenao,Takahashi Ryosuke,Ihara Masafumi
Neurobiology of aging 33(5), 1012.e25-1012.e35, 2012-05
… Rats subjected to bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion or 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) have been used as animal models of subcortical ischemic vascular dementia. … However, this model possesses an inherent limitation in that cerebral blood flow (CBF) drops too sharply and substantially after ligation of CCAs. …
NAID 120003988349

新生児心エコー画像に基づく先天性心疾患の心血管形状モデル構築支援システム

前田一真,原口亮,中尾恵,黒嵜健一,鍵崎康治,白石公,中沢一雄,湊小太郎
日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 16(3), 507-516, 2011-09-30
… This forms a skeleton where the centerlines of blood vessel serve as the nodes and edges, while the radius of the blood vessel is given as an attribute value to each node. …
NAID 110008749691