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a cephalosporin that can be given parenterally (trade name Zinacef) or orally by tablets (trade name Ceftin); indicated for infections of the lungs or throat or ears or urinary tract or meninges (同)Ceftin, Zinacef

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/09 22:51:16」(JST)

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Cefuroxime is an enteral second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It was discovered by the Glaxo, now GlaxoSmithKline and first marketed in 1978 as Zinacef. It received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in October 1983.^[1]

Cefuroxime axetil is an acetoxyetyl-ester-prodrug of cefuroxime which is effective orally.^[2]

Medical uses

As with the other cephalosporins, although as a second-generation variety, it is less susceptible to beta-lactamase. Hence, it may have greater activity against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Lyme disease. Unlike most other second-generation cephalosporins, cefuroxime can cross the blood-brain barrier.

Side effects

Cefuroxime is generally well-tolerated and its side effects are usually transient. If ingested after food, this antibiotic is both better absorbed and less likely to cause its most common side effects of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headaches/migraines, dizziness, and abdominal pain compared to most antibiotics in its class.^{[citation needed]}

Although a widely stated cross-allergic risk of about 10% exists between cephalosporins and penicillin, recent assessments have shown no increased risk for a cross-allergic reaction for cefuroxime and several other second-generation or later cephalosporins.^[3]

Trade names

In US it is available as Zinacef by Covis Pharmaceuticals as the company acquired the US rights of the product from GSK.^[4] In Bangladesh it is available as Xorimax by Sandoz. In India it is available as Supacef by GSK.^[5] In Poland it is available as Zamur by Mepha, subsidiary of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries.^[6]

References

^ "Cefuroxime medical facts from". Drugs.com.
^ Walter Sneader. "Drug Discovery: History".
^ Pichichero ME (2006). "Cephalosporins can be prescribed safely for penicillin-allergic patients" (PDF). The Journal of family practice 55 (2): 106–12. PMID 16451776.
^ http://www.covispharma.ch/assets/pdf/covis-pharma-acquires-portfolio-of-drugs-from-glaxosmithkline.pdf
^ "GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Limited – Prescription Medicines – Anti-Infective". Gsk-india.com. 26 March 2013.
^ "Charakterystyka produktu lecznicznego" (PDF). Urząd Rejestracji Produktów Leczniczych, Wyrobów Medycznych i Produktów Biobójczych. 12 November 2015.

UpToDate Contents

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1. セフェム系 cephalosporins
2. 小児における急性中耳炎：治療 acute otitis media in children treatment
3. 侵襲性肺炎球菌（Streptococcus pneumoniae）感染症および菌血症 invasive pneumococcal streptococcus pneumoniae infections and bacteremia
4. ライム病の治療 treatment of lyme disease
5. Borrelia miyamotoi感染症 borrelia miyamotoi infection

English Journal

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of genital tract bacteria in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes in a resource-limited setting.

Eleje GU1, Adinma JI2, Ghasi S3, Ikechebelu JI2, Igwegbe AO2, Okonkwo JE2, Okafor CI2, Ezeama CO2, Ezebialu IU4, Ogbuagu CN5.
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.Int J Gynaecol Obstet.2014 Oct;127(1):10-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.04.016. Epub 2014 Jun 15.
OBJECTIVE: To identify microbes prevalent in the genital tract of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and to assess the susceptibility of the microbial isolates to a range of antibiotics to determine appropriate antibiotics for treating cases of PPROM in resource-limit
PMID 24994495

Increased Expression Levels of Chromosomal AmpC β-Lactamase in Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates and Their Effect on Susceptibility to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins.

Paltansing S1, Kraakman M, van Boxtel R, Kors I, Wessels E, Goessens W, Tommassen J, Bernards A.
Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.).Microb Drug Resist.2014 Sep 4. [Epub ahead of print]
Forty-nine clinical Escherichia coli isolates, both extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) negative and ESBL positive, were studied to investigate whether increased AmpC expression is a mechanism involved in cefoxitin resistance and if this influences the third-generation cephalosporin activity. Nine
PMID 25188329

Determination of cefuroxime lysine in rat brain microdialysates by ultra-fast liquid chromatography with UV and tandem mass spectrometry: application to an acute toxicokinetic study.

Zhao L1, Li Q, Zhu H, Chen X, Bi K.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.Biomed Chromatogr.2014 Sep;28(9):1199-204. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3145. Epub 2014 Feb 11.
Cefuroxime lysine is a new second-generation cephalosporins, which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier to cure the meningitis. In order to investigate its acute toxicokinetic study after intraperitoneal injection of 675 mg/kg cefuroxime lysine, a sensitive and clean ultra-fast liquid chromatogra
PMID 24519907

Japanese Journal

Resistance phenotypes and genotypes among multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis strains isolated between 2008 and 2012 from slaughter pigs in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(6), 705-710, 2015
NAID 130005085866

Resistance phenotypes and genotypes among multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis strains isolated between 2008 and 2012 from slaughter pigs in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
NAID 130004781108

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Francisella tularensis Isolates from Japan

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 66(6), 534-536, 2013
NAID 130003390336

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「セフロキシム」
拡張検索	「cefuroxime axetil」「cefuroxime pivoxetil」「cefuroxime sodium」

「セフロキシム」

Cefuroxime
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	(6R,7R)-3-{[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl}-7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-furyl)-2-(methoxyimino) acetyl]amino}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
Clinical data
Trade names	Zinacef, Ceftin
MedlinePlus	a601206
Pregnancy; category	B;
Routes of; administration	intramuscular, intravenous
Legal status
Legal status	℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	37% on an empty stomach, up to 52% if taken after food
Biological half-life	80 minutes
Excretion	Urine 66–100% unchanged
Identifiers
CAS Number	55268-75-2
ATC code	J01DC02 (WHO) S01AA27 (WHO) QJ51DC02 (WHO)
PubChem	CID 5361202
DrugBank	DB01112
ChemSpider	4514699
UNII	O1R9FJ93ED
KEGG	D00262
ChEMBL	CHEMBL466
Chemical data
Formula	C16H16N4O8S
Molar mass	424.386 g/mol
	SMILES O=C2N1/C(=C(\CS[C@@H]1[C@@H]2NC(=O)C(=N\OC)\c3occc3)COC(=O)N)C(=O)O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H16N4O8S/c1-26-19-9(8-3-2-4-27-8)12(21)18-10-13(22)20-11(15(23)24)7(5-28-16(17)25)6-29-14(10)20/h2-4,10,14H,5-6H2,1H3,(H2,17,25)(H,18,21)(H,23,24)/b19-9+/t10-,14-/m1/s1 ; Key:JFPVXVDWJQMJEE-SWWZKJRFSA-N ;
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