関: cause of death

WordNet

the time when something ends; "it was the death of all his plans"; "a dying of old hopes" (同)dying, demise
the time at which life ends; continuing until dead; "she stayed until his death"; "a struggle to the last" (同)last
the absence of life or state of being dead; "he seemed more content in death than he had ever been in life"
the permanent end of all life functions in an organism or part of an organism; "the animal died a painful death"
the act of killing; "he had two deaths on his conscience"
the event of dying or departure from life; "her death came as a terrible shock"; "upon your decease the capital will pass to your grandchildren" (同)decease, expiry
give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; "cause a commotion"; "make a stir"; "cause an accident" (同)do, make
a justification for something existing or happening; "he had no cause to complain"; "they had good reason to rejoice" (同)reason, grounds
events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something; "they are trying to determine the cause of the crash"
the personification of death; "Death walked the streets of the plague-bound city"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉『死』,死亡;死に方,死にざま / 〈U〉死んだ[ような]状体 / 《the~》(…の)絶滅,破滅《+『of』+『名』》 / 《the~》(…の)死の原因,命取り《+『of』+『名』》 / 《通例『D-』》死神(手に鎌(かマ)を持った黒装束の骸骨(がいこつ)で表される)
〈U〉『原因』,起因;〈C〉原因となる人(物事) / 〈U〉『正当な理由』,根拠,動機 / 《the~》(…という)(身を捧げるべき)主義,主張,目的《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉訴訟[の理由];申し立て / …'を'『原因となる』,'を'引き起こす,もたらす(bring about)
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
OLD French古[代]フランス語

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/28 16:26:14」(JST)

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The following is a list of the causes of human deaths worldwide for the year 2002, arranged by their associated mortality rates. There were 57,029,000 deaths tabulated for that year. Some causes listed include deaths also included in more specific subordinate causes (as indicated by the "Group" column), and some causes are omitted, so the percentages do not sum to 100. According to the World Health Organization, about 58 million people died in 2005.^[1] The WHO classifies cause of death using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD).

By frequency

The table below uses data from 2002 and is out of date. Data are now available for 2010.^[2]

Note: Tinted backgrounds indicate items that also appear in subsequent table. Percentage figures add to more than 100% because some deaths appear in both broadly-defined and narrowly defined categories; for example, Cardiovascular Deaths includes deaths from both Ischaemic Heart Disease and Stroke.

Mortality Rates (death rate per year, from data for 2002^[3])
Group^[4]	Cause	Percent of deaths (Group)	Percent of deaths (SubGroup)	All Deaths per 100,000	Male Deaths per 100,000	Female Deaths per 100,000
–	All Causes	100.0	100.0	916.1	954.7	877.1
A	Cardiovascular diseases	29.34		268.8	259.3	278.4
B	Infectious and parasitic diseases	23.04		211.3	221.7	200.4
A.1	Ischemic heart disease		12.64	115.8	121.4	110.1
C	Malignant neoplasms (cancers)	12.49		114.4	126.9	101.7
A.2	Cerebrovascular disease (Stroke)		9.66	88.5	85.4	95.6
B.1	Respiratory infections		6.95	63.7	63.5	63.8
B.1.1	Lower respiratory tract infections		6.81	62.4	62.2	62.6
D	Respiratory diseases	6.49		59.5	61.1	57.9
E	Unintentional injuries	6.23		57.0	73.7	40.2
B.2	HIV/AIDS		4.87	44.6	46.2	43.0
D.1	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		4.82	44.1	45.1	43.1
–	Perinatal conditions	4.32	4.32	39.6	43.7	35.4
F	Digestive diseases	3.45		31.6	34.9	28.2
B.3	Diarrhea diseases		3.15	28.9	30.0	27.8
G	Intentional injuries (Suicide, Violence, War, etc.)	2.84		26.0	37.0	14.9
B.4	Tuberculosis		2.75	25.2	32.9	17.3
B.5	Malaria		2.23	20.4	19.4	21.5
C.1	Lung cancer		2.18	20.0	28.4	11.4
E.1	Road traffic accidents		2.09	19.1	40.8	10.4
B.6	Childhood diseases		1.97	18.1	18.0	18.2
H	Neuropsychiatric disorders	1.95		17.9	18.4	17.3
–	Diabetes mellitus	1.73	1.73	15.9	14.1	17.7
A.3	Hypertensive heart disease		1.60	14.6	13.4	15.9
G.1	Suicide		1.53	14.0	17.4	10.6
C.2	Stomach cancer		1.49	13.7	16.7	10.5
I	Diseases of the genitourinary system	1.49		13.6	14.1	13.1
F.1	Cirrhosis of the liver		1.38	12.6	16.1	9.1
I.1	Nephritis/nephropathy		1.19	10.9	11.0	10.7
C.3	Colorectal cancer		1.09	10.0	10.3	9.7
C.4	Liver cancer		1.08	9.9	13.6	6.2
B.6.1	Measles		1.07	9.8	9.8	9.9
G.2	Violence		0.98	9.0	14.2	3.7
–	Maternal conditions	0.89	0.89	8.2	0.0	16.5
–	Congenital abnormalities	0.86	0.86	7.9	8.1	7.7
J	Nutritional deficiencies	0.85		7.8	6.9	8.7
C.5	Breast cancer		0.84	7.7	0.1	15.3
C.6	Esophageal cancer		0.78	7.2	9.1	5.2
A.4	Inflammatory heart disease		0.71	6.5	6.7	6.2
H.1	Alzheimer's disease and other dementias		0.70	6.4	4.7	8.1
E.2	Falls		0.69	6.3	7.5	5.0
E.3	Drowning		0.67	6.1	8.4	3.9
E.4	Poisoning		0.61	5.6	7.2	4.0
C.7	Lymphomas, multiple myeloma		0.59	5.4	5.4	5.4
A.5	Rheumatic heart disease		0.57	5.3	4.4	6.1
C.8	Oral and oropharynx cancers		0.56	5.1	7.1	3.1
E.5	Fires		0.55	5.0	3.8	6.2
B.6.2	Pertussis		0.52	4.7	4.7	4.8
C.9	Prostate cancer		0.47	4.3	8.6	0.0
C.10	Leukemia		0.46	4.2	4.7	3.8
F.2	Peptic ulcer disease		0.46	4.2	5.0	3.5
J.1	Protein-energy malnutrition		0.46	4.2	4.2	4.2
–	Endocrine/nutritional disorders	0.43	0.43	3.9	3.4	4.4
D.2	Asthma		0.42	3.9	3.9	3.8
C.11	Cervical cancer		0.42	3.8	0.0	7.7
C.12	Pancreatic cancer		0.41	3.7	3.9	3.5
B.6.3	Tetanus		0.38	3.4	3.4	3.5
B.7	Sexually transmitted diseases excluding HIV/AIDS		0.32	2.9	2.9	2.9
C.13	Bladder cancer		0.31	2.9	4.0	1.7
B.8	Meningitis		0.30	2.8	2.9	2.7
G.3	War		0.30	2.8	5.0	0.5
B.7.1	Syphilis		0.28	2.5	2.7	2.3
–	Neoplasms other than malignant	0.26	0.26	2.4	2.4	2.4
J.2	Iron deficiency anemia		0.24	2.2	1.5	2.9
C.14	Ovarian cancer		0.24	2.2	0.0	4.4
B.9	Tropical diseases excluding malaria		0.23	2.1	2.5	1.6
H.2	Epilepsy		0.22	2.0	2.2	1.8
–	Musculoskeletal diseases	0.19	0.19	1.7	1.2	2.2
B.10	Hepatitis B		0.18	1.7	2.3	1.0
H.3	Parkinson's disease		0.17	1.6	1.6	1.6
H.4	Alcohol use disorders		0.16	1.5	2.5	0.4
H.5	Drug use disorders		0.15	1.4	2.2	0.5
B.1.2	Upper respiratory infections		0.13	1.2	1.2	1.2
C.15	Uterine cancer		0.12	1.1	0.0	2.3
–	Skin diseases	0.12	0.12	1.1	0.8	1.4
C.16	Melanoma and other skin cancers		0.12	1.1	1.1	1.0
B.11	Hepatitis C		0.09	0.9	1.1	0.6
B.9.1	Leishmaniasis		0.09	0.8	1.0	0.7
B.9.2	Trypanosomiasis		0.08	0.8	1.0	0.5
I.2	Benign prostatic hyperplasia		0.06	0.5	1.0	0.0

Malnutrition

Malnutrition can be identified as an underlying cause for shortened life.^[5] 70% of childhood deaths (age 0-4) are reportedly due to diarrheal illness, acute respiratory infection, malaria and immunizable disease. However, of these childhood deaths, 56% can be attributed to the effects of malnutrition as an underlying cause.^[6] The effects of malnutrition include increased susceptibility to infection,^[7] musculature wasting, skeletal deformities and neurologic development delays.^[8] According to the World Health Organization, malnutrition is named as the biggest contributor to child mortality^[9] with 36 million deaths in 2005 related to malnutrition.^[10]

Malnutrition is also the leading cause of death in much of the developed world (Mal meaning bad, overnutrition such that is the cause of the obesity epidemic is also a form of malnutrition) leading to the vast amounts of deaths from cardiovascular diseases, strokes and diabetes, as well as some forms of cancer (particularly bowel).

Developed vs. developing economies

Top causes of death, according to the World Health Organization report for the calendar year 2001:^[11]

Causes of death in developing countries	Number of deaths	Causes of death in developed countries	Number of deaths
HIV-AIDS	2,678,000	Ischaemic heart disease	3,512,000
Lower respiratory infections	2,643,000	Cerebrovascular disease	3,346,000
Ischaemic heart disease	2,484,000	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	1,829,000
Diarrhea	1,793,000	Lower respiratory infections	1,180,000
Cerebrovascular disease	1,381,000	Lung cancer	938,000
Childhood diseases	1,217,000	Car crash	669,000
Malaria	1,103,000	Stomach cancer	657,000
Tuberculosis	1,021,000	Hypertensive heart disease	635,000
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	748,000	Tuberculosis	571,000
Measles	674,000	Suicide	499,000

United States

By age group

Leading causes of death in the United States by age group.^[12]

Leading causes of death in the United States, as percentage of deaths in each age group.^[12] Perinatal mortality (<1yrs of age) seldom falls in any of these causes.

Death by age group as rate compared to the age group with highest rate.^[12]

By occupation

With an average of 123.6 deaths per 100,000 from 2003 through 2010 the most dangerous occupation in the United States is the tower industry.^[13]

Number and rate of fatal occupational injuries, by industry sector, 2006 in the United States.^[14]

Selected occupations with high fatality rates, 2011, in the United States.^[14]

References

^ WHO (2005). "Cancer".
^ Lozano, Rafael; et al. (Dec 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010" (PDF). Lancet 380: 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. PMID 23245604. See also this CDC report on the US.
^ World Health Organization (2004). "Annex Table 2: Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, estimates for 2002" (PDF). The world health report 2004 - changing history. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
^ Group is a value showing the relationship of groups of causes; for instance, statistics for "A" (cardiovascular diseases) include those for "A.1" (ischemic heart disease), "A.2" (cerebrovascular disease), and so on. If no value is shown for a cause, there are no other causes grouped with that cause.
^ "Mortality In Second And Third Degree Malnutrition". Tropej.oxfordjournals.org. 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
^ "The effects of malnutrition on child mortality in developing countries". Bull. World Health Organ. (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) 73: 443–8. 2014-01-24. PMC 2486780. PMID 7554015.
^ "Some effects of malnutrition on the immune response in man". Ajcn.nutrition.org. 1974-06-01. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
^ "Elsevier". Pediatric.theclinics.com. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
^ Stay informed today and every day (2008-01-24). "Malnutrition: The starvelings". The Economist. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
^ Ziegler, Jean (2007). L'Empire de la honte. Fayard
^ "http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/cause.php". Ucatlas.ucsc.edu. 2004-02-18. Retrieved 2014-06-09. External link in |title= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c "National Vital Statistics Report" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 50, No. 15. September 16, 2002.
^ http://www.propublica.org/article/cell-tower-work-fatalities-methodology
^ ^a ^b "Bureau of Labor Statistics; NATIONAL CENSUS OF FATAL OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES IN 2006" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-06-09.

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_07.pdf

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Activation of lymphocyte autophagy/apoptosis reflects haemodynamic inefficiency and functional aerobic impairment in patients with heart failure.

Weng TP1, Fu TC2, Wang CH3, Hsu CC2, Wang JS.
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「cause of death」

　　[★]

死因

関: causes of death

「cause」

　　[★]

n.

原因。理由。根拠。動機
大義、大目的、目標、手技、主張、～運動、(～の)ため(for, of)
訴訟(事件)。(訴訟の)申し立て、言い訳。[fig]決定を要すること、論争

vt.

～の原因となる、引き起こす。(人)に(心配などを)与える、もたらす。(人)に～させる(to do)

She craves control in her interpersonal relationships, often causing them to disintegrate.

「death」

　　[★]

n.

死

[1] WHO (2005). "Cancer".

[2] Lozano, Rafael; et al. (Dec 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010" (PDF). Lancet 380: 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. PMID 23245604. See also this CDC report on the US.

[3] World Health Organization (2004). "Annex Table 2: Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, estimates for 2002" (PDF). The world health report 2004 - changing history. Retrieved 2008-11-01.

[GHelp-4] Group is a value showing the relationship of groups of causes; for instance, statistics for "A" (cardiovascular diseases) include those for "A.1" (ischemic heart disease), "A.2" (cerebrovascular disease), and so on. If no value is shown for a cause, there are no other causes grouped with that cause.

[5] "Mortality In Second And Third Degree Malnutrition". Tropej.oxfordjournals.org. 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2014-06-09.

[6] "The effects of malnutrition on child mortality in developing countries". Bull. World Health Organ. (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) 73: 443–8. 2014-01-24. PMC 2486780. PMID 7554015.

[7] "Some effects of malnutrition on the immune response in man". Ajcn.nutrition.org. 1974-06-01. Retrieved 2014-06-09.

[8] "Elsevier". Pediatric.theclinics.com. Retrieved 2014-06-09.

[9] Stay informed today and every day (2008-01-24). "Malnutrition: The starvelings". The Economist. Retrieved 2014-06-09.

[10] Ziegler, Jean (2007). L'Empire de la honte. Fayard

[11] "http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/cause.php". Ucatlas.ucsc.edu. 2004-02-18. Retrieved 2014-06-09. External link in |title= (help)

[cdc2002-12] "National Vital Statistics Report" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 50, No. 15. September 16, 2002.

[13] ttp://www.propublica.org/article/cell-tower-work-fatalities-methodology

[bls2006-14] "Bureau of Labor Statistics; NATIONAL CENSUS OF FATAL OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES IN 2006" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-06-09.

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