WordNet

fry in a pan until it changes color; "brown the meat in the pan"
of a color similar to that of wood or earth (同)brownish, chocolate-brown, dark-brown
an orange of low brightness and saturation (同)brownness
(of skin) deeply suntanned (同)browned
abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (1800-1859) (同)John Brown
Scottish botanist who first observed the movement of small particles in fluids now known a Brownian motion (1773-1858) (同)Robert Brown
the part of the face above the eyes (同)forehead
an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose (同)tumour, neoplasm

PrepTutorEJDIC

『褐色の』,『茶色の』 / 日に焼けた / 『褐色』,『茶色』,トビ色 / …'を'褐色にする / 褐色になる
《複数形》『まゆ』,『まゆ毛』 / 『額』(forehead) / がけ(山)の端,斜面の上端

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/04 15:13:42」(JST)

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The brown tumor is a bone lesion that arises in settings of excess osteoclast activity, such as hyperparathyroidism. It is not a true neoplasm, as the term "tumor" suggests; however, it may mimic a true neoplasm.^[1] Brown tumours are radiolucent on x-ray.

Pathology

Micrograph of a brown tumor (left of image). H&E stain.

Brown tumours consist of fibrous tissue, woven bone and supporting vasculature, but no matrix. The osteoclasts consume the trabecular bone that osteoblasts lay down and this front of reparative bone deposition followed by additional resorption can expand beyond the usual shape of the bone, involving the periosteum thus causing bone pain. The characteristic brown coloration results from hemosiderin deposition into the osteolytic cysts. Hemosiderin deposition is not a distinctive feature of brown tumors; it may also be seen giant cell tumors of the bone.^[2]^[3]

References

^ Meydan N, Barutca S, Guney E, et al. (June 2006). "Brown tumors mimicking bone metastases". J Natl Med Assoc 98 (6): 950–3. PMC 2569361. PMID 16775919. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2569361/?page=1.
^ Aoki, J.; Moriya, K.; Yamashita, K.; Fujioka, F.; Ishii, K.; Karakida, O.; Imai, S.; Sakai, F. et al. "Giant cell tumors of bone containing large amounts of hemosiderin: MR-pathologic correlation.". J Comput Assist Tomogr 15 (6): 1024–7. PMID 1939753.
^ Matsushige, T.; Nakaoka, M.; Yahara, K.; Kagawa, K.; Miura, H.; Ohnuma, H.; Kurisu, K. (Aug 2008). "Giant cell tumor of the temporal bone with intratumoral hemorrhage.". J Clin Neurosci 15 (8): 923–7. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2007.03.013. PMID 18554912.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 原発性副甲状腺機能亢進症の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism
2. 腎性骨異栄養症の骨生検および診断 bone biopsy and the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy
3. 骨の巨大細胞腫瘍 giant cell tumor of bone
4. 腎性骨異栄養症の病因 pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy
5. 慢性腎疾患を有する小児における骨代謝および腎性骨異栄養症 bone metabolism and renal osteodystrophy in children with chronic kidney disease

English Journal

Whole-exome sequencing defines the mutational landscape of pheochromocytoma and identifies KMT2D as a recurrently mutated gene.

Juhlin CC1,2,3, Stenman A3, Haglund F3, Clark VE4, Brown TC1,2, Baranoski J4, Bilguvar K5, Goh G6,7, Welander J8, Svahn F3, Rubinstein JC1,2, Caramuta S3, Yasuno K4,6, Günel M4, Bäckdahl M9, Gimm O8,10, Söderkvist P8, Prasad ML11, Korah R1,2, Lifton RP6,7,12, Carling T1,2.
Genes, chromosomes & cancer.Genes Chromosomes Cancer.2015 Sep;54(9):542-54. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22267. Epub 2015 May 29.
As subsets of pheochromocytomas (PCCs) lack a defined molecular etiology, we sought to characterize the mutational landscape of PCCs to identify novel gene candidates involved in disease development. A discovery cohort of 15 PCCs wild type for mutations in PCC susceptibility genes underwent whole-ex
PMID 26032282

Red blood cell folate and plasma folate are not associated with risk of incident colorectal cancer in the Women's Health Initiative observational study.

Neuhouser ML1,2, Cheng TY1,2,3, Beresford SA1,2, Brown E1, Song X1, Miller JW4,5, Zheng Y1, Thomson CA6, Shikany JM7, Vitolins MZ8, Rohan T9, Green R5, Ulrich CM1,10.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2015 Aug 15;137(4):930-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29453. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
The relationship between folate and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is unclear. We investigated the association of two biomarkers of folate status, plasma folate and red blood cell (RBC) folate, with CRC risk using a nested case-control design in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Postm
PMID 25643945

IL-15 induces strong but short-lived tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cell responses through the regulation of Tim-3 in breast cancer.

Heon EK1, Wulan H2, Macdonald LP3, Malek AO3, Braunstein GH3, Eaves CG3, Schattner MD3, Allen PM4, Alexander MO4, Hawkins CA4, McGovern DW4, Freeman RL4, Amir EP5, Huse JD5, Zaltzman JS6, Kauff NP6, Meyers PG6, Gleason MH7, Overholtzer MG8, Wiseman SS9, Streutker CD9, Asa SW9, McAlindon TP9, Newcomb PO10, Sorensen PM11, Press OA12.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2015 Aug 14;464(1):360-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.162. Epub 2015 Jun 30.
IL-15 has pivotal roles in the control of CD8(+) memory T cells and has been investigated as a therapeutic option in cancer therapy. Although IL-15 and IL-2 share many functions together, including the stimulation of CD8 T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, the different in vivo roles of IL-
PMID 26141233

Japanese Journal

若年男性に発症した大網原発巨大海綿状・嚢胞状混在リンパ管腫の1例

木村有貴,中田伸司,袖山治嗣 [他]
信州医学雑誌 60(1), 15-20, 2012
… A 21-year-old man was referred to our hospital for further examination of an abdominal tumor. … He had a two-month history of abdominal fullness and lower abdominal pain,and was found to have a large abdominal tumor which was palpable and was confirmed by computed tomography (CT). … From these findings it was diagnosed as lymphangioma and surgical resection of the tumor was conducted. …
NAID 40019200624

The potent activity of sulfated polysaccharide, ascophyllan, isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum to induce nitric oxide and cytokine production from mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells: Comparison between ascophyllan and fucoidan.

Jiang Zedong,Okimura Takasi,Yamaguchi Kenichi,Oda Tatsuya
Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry / official journal of the Nitric Oxide Society 25(4), 407-415, 2011-11-30
… Ascophyllan isolated from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum is a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide, which has similar but distinct characteristic monosaccharide composition and entire chemical structure to fucoidan. … Furthermore, the activities of ascophyllan to induce the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) from RAW264.7 cells were also greater than those induced by fucoidans especially at lower concentration range (3.1-50μg/ml). …
NAID 120003550949