WordNet
- the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area (同)wood, woods
- land that is covered with trees and shrubs (同)woodland, timberland, timber
- situated at or toward the bow of a vessel
- near or toward the bow of a ship or cockpit of a plane; "the captain went fore (or forward) to check the instruments" (同)forward
- having relatively broad rather than needlelike or scalelike leaves (同)broad-leafed, broad-leaved
- covered with forest; "efforts to protect forested lands of the northwest"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉〈U〉(広い地域にわたる)『森林』,山林 / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(…の)林《+『of』+『名』》
- (乗り物の)前部の,前方の / 船首に,(へ) / 前部,前面
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/13 22:17:47」(JST)
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- 1. ロスリバーウイルス感染 ross river virus infection
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健康被害の可能性 potential health hazards in travelers to australia new zealand and the southwestern pacific oceania - 5. ライム病の疫学 epidemiology of lyme disease
English Journal
- Divergent phenological response to hydroclimate variability in forested mountain watersheds.
- Hwang T1, Band LE, Miniat CF, Song C, Bolstad PV, Vose JM, Love JP.Author information 1Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.AbstractMountain watersheds are primary sources of freshwater, carbon sequestration, and other ecosystem services. There is significant interest in the effects of climate change and variability on these processes over short to long time scales. Much of the impact of hydroclimate variability in forest ecosystems is manifested in vegetation dynamics in space and time. In steep terrain, leaf phenology responds to topoclimate in complex ways, and can produce specific and measurable shifts in landscape forest patterns. The onset of spring is usually delayed at a specific rate with increasing elevation (often called Hopkins' Law; Hopkins, 1918), reflecting the dominant controls of temperature on greenup timing. Contrary with greenup, leaf senescence shows inconsistent trends along elevation gradients. Here, we present mechanisms and an explanation for this variability and its significance for ecosystem patterns and services in response to climate. We use moderate-resolution imaging spectro-radiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data to derive landscape-induced phenological patterns over topoclimate gradients in a humid temperate broadleaf forest in southern Appalachians. These phenological patterns are validated with different sets of field observations. Our data demonstrate that divergent behavior of leaf senescence with elevation is closely related to late growing season hydroclimate variability in temperature and water balance patterns. Specifically, a drier late growing season is associated with earlier leaf senescence at low elevation than at middle elevation. The effect of drought stress on vegetation senescence timing also leads to tighter coupling between growing season length and ecosystem water use estimated from observed precipitation and runoff generation. This study indicates increased late growing season drought may be leading to divergent ecosystem response between high and low elevation forests. Landscape-induced phenological patterns are easily observed over wide areas and may be used as a unique diagnostic for sources of ecosystem vulnerability and sensitivity to hydroclimate change.
- Global change biology.Glob Chang Biol.2014 Mar 27. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12556. [Epub ahead of print]
- Mountain watersheds are primary sources of freshwater, carbon sequestration, and other ecosystem services. There is significant interest in the effects of climate change and variability on these processes over short to long time scales. Much of the impact of hydroclimate variability in forest ecosys
- PMID 24677382
- Post-clearcut dynamics of carbon, water and energy exchanges in a midlatitude temperate, deciduous broadleaf forest environment.
- Williams CA1, Vanderhoof MK, Khomik M, Ghimire B.Author information 1Geography Department, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA.AbstractClearcutting and other forest disturbances perturb carbon, water, and energy balances in significant ways, with corresponding influences on Earth's climate system through biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects. Observations are needed to quantify the precise changes in these balances as they vary across diverse disturbances of different types, severities, and in various climate and ecosystem type settings. This study combines eddy covariance and micrometeorological measurements of surface-atmosphere exchanges with vegetation inventories and chamber-based estimates of soil respiration to quantify how carbon, water, and energy fluxes changed during the first 3 years following forest clearing in a temperate forest environment of the northeastern US. We observed rapid recovery with sustained increases in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) over the first three growing seasons post-clearing, coincident with large and relatively stable net emission of CO2 because of overwhelmingly large ecosystem respiration. The rise in GEP was attributed to vegetation changes not environmental conditions (e.g., weather), but attribution to the expansion of leaf area vs. changes in vegetation composition remains unclear. Soil respiration was estimated to contribute 44% of total ecosystem respiration during summer months and coarse woody debris accounted for another 18%. Evapotranspiration also recovered rapidly and continued to rise across years with a corresponding decrease in sensible heat flux. Gross short-wave and long-wave radiative fluxes were stable across years except for strong wintertime dependence on snow covered conditions and corresponding variation in albedo. Overall, these findings underscore the highly dynamic nature of carbon and water exchanges and vegetation composition during the regrowth following a severe forest disturbance, and sheds light on both the magnitude of such changes and the underlying mechanisms with a unique example from a temperate, deciduous broadleaf forest.
- Global change biology.Glob Chang Biol.2014 Mar;20(3):992-1007. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12388. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
- Clearcutting and other forest disturbances perturb carbon, water, and energy balances in significant ways, with corresponding influences on Earth's climate system through biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects. Observations are needed to quantify the precise changes in these balances as they vary
- PMID 24142839
- Trends in seedling growth and carbon-use efficiency vary among broadleaf tree species along a latitudinal transect in eastern North America.
- Dillaway DN1, Kruger EL.Author information 1Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Unity College, Unity, ME 04988, USA.AbstractFactors constraining the geographic ranges of broadleaf tree species in eastern North America were examined in common gardens along a ~1500 km latitudinal transect travers in grange boundaries of four target species: trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) to the north vs. eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) to the south. In 2006 and 2007, carbon-use efficiency (CUE), the proportion of assimilated carbon retained in biomass, was estimated for seedlings of the four species as the quotient of relative growth rate (RGR) and photosynthesis per unit tree mass (Atree ). In aspen and birch, CUE and RGR declined significantly with increasing growth temperature, which spanned 9 °C across gardens and years. The 37% (relative) CUE decrease from coolest to warmest garden correlated with increases in leaf nighttime respiration (Rleaf ) and the ratio of Rleaf to leaf photosynthesis (R%A ). For cottonwood and sweet gum, however, similar increases in Rleaf and R%A accompanied modest CUE declines, implying that processes other than Rleaf were responsible for species differences in CUE's temperature response. Our findings illustrate marked taxonomic variation, at least among young trees, in the thermal sensitivity of CUE, and point to potentially negative consequences of climate warming for the carbon balance, competitive ability, and persistence of two foundation species in northern temperate and boreal forests.
- Global change biology.Glob Chang Biol.2014 Mar;20(3):908-22. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12427. Epub 2014 Jan 26.
- Factors constraining the geographic ranges of broadleaf tree species in eastern North America were examined in common gardens along a ~1500 km latitudinal transect travers in grange boundaries of four target species: trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) to the n
- PMID 24130066
Japanese Journal
- 三瓶演習林およびその周辺における森林渓流水質の空間的変化
- 藤巻 玲路,西本 侑未,葛西 絵里香[他]
- 島根大学生物資源科学部研究報告 19, 3-8, 2014-09-30
- NAID 110009831947
- 我が国における海岸緑化の現状と課題 : 静岡県遠州灘海岸を例として (特集 日本の海浜植生,その現状と将来への提言)
- 吉﨑 真司
- 景観生態学 = Landscape ecology and management 19(1), 35-40, 2014-08
- NAID 40020200913
- 照葉樹林および耕作地に隣接する管理放棄された落葉広葉樹二次林の林分構造の変化
- 東 若菜,岩崎 絢子,大杉 祥広 [他]
- 日本森林学会誌 = Journal of the Japanese Forest
- NAID 40020061199
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- A thick, nutrient-rich "litter layer" of the fallen leaves collects on the ground and is gradually decomposed, enriching the soil. Only in the warmest, moist areas do leaves remain on the trees all year. Most other food sources in the ...
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★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「広葉樹林」「hardwood forest」「broadleaved forest」「broad-leaved forest」 |
| 関連記事 | 「fore」「forest」 |
「広葉樹林」
「hardwood forest」
「broadleaved forest」
「broad-leaved forest」
「fore」
- comb form
- 前の
「forest」
- n.