bone spur

WordNet

1. strike with a spur
2. any sharply pointed projection (同)spine, acantha
3. tubular extension at the base of the corolla in some flowers
4. a sharp prod fixed to a riders heel and used to urge a horse onward; "cowboys know not to squat with their spurs on" (同)gad
5. give heart or courage to (同)goad
6. equip with spurs; "spur horses"
7. goad with spurs; "the rider spurred his horse"
8. incite or stimulate; "The Academy was formed to spur research"
9. remove the bones from; "bone the turkey before roasting it" (同)debone
10. the porous calcified substance from which bones are made (同)osseous_tissue
11. consisting of or made up of bone; "a bony substance"; "the bony framework of the body"
12. a shade of white the color of bleached bones (同)ivory, pearl, off-white
13. rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates (同)os
14. having bones as specified; "his lanky long-boned body"
15. having had the bones removed; "a boneless rib roast"; "a boned (or deboned) fish" (同)deboned
16. a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance (同)castanets, clappers, finger cymbals

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『拍車』 / (…に対する)『刺激』,激励《+『to』(『for』)+『名』》 / 拍車状のもの,(鶏などの)けづめ,(植物の)距(きょ) / (山などの)支脈 / (行き止まり)支線 / 〈馬〉‘に'拍車を当てる《+『on』+『名』,+『名』+『on』》 / 〈人〉‘を'かり立てる:《『spur』+『名』+『to』(『into』)+『名』…に…をかり立てる》
2. 〈C〉骨 / 〈U〉骨を作っている物質,骨質 / 《複数形で》骨格;死骸(がい) / 〈魚など〉‘の'骨を取る
3. (魚など)骨を取り除いた / (衣服が)(コルセットなどで)骨で張りをつけた[ような]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/12/24 12:51:31」(JST)

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Osteophyte
Small marginal osteophytes (arrows) of the processus anconeus of the ulna can be seen in this gross pathological specimen of a sow.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Orthopedics
ICD-10	M25.7
ICD-9-CM	726.91
DiseasesDB	18621
MeSH	D054850

Osteophytes, commonly referred to as bone spurs are bony projections that form along joint margins. They should not be confused with enthesophytes, which are bony projections that form at the attachment of a tendon or ligament. Osteophytes are not always distinguished from exostoses in any definite way, although in many cases there are a number of differences. Osteophytes are typically intra-articular (within the joint capsule).

Cause

X-ray showing a small bone spur as marked by the arrow.

Osteophyte formation has been classically related to any sequential and consequential changes in bone formation that is due to aging, degeneration, mechanical instability, and disease (such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis). Often osteophytes form in osteoarthritic joints as a result of damage and wear from inflammation. Calcification and new bone formation can also occur in response to mechanical damage in joints.

Pathophysiology

Osteophytes form because of the increase in a damaged joint's surface area. This is most common from the onset of arthritis. Osteophytes usually limit joint movement and typically cause pain.

Osteophytes form naturally on the back of the spine as a person ages and are a sign of degeneration in the spine. In this case, the spurs are not the source of back pains, but instead are the common symptom of a deeper problem. However, bone spurs on the spine can impinge on nerves that leave the spine for other parts of the body. This impingement can cause pain in both upper and lower limbs and a numbness or tingling sensations in the hands and feet because the nerves are supplying sensation to their dermatomes.

Spurs can also appear on the feet, either along toes or the heel, as well as on the hands. In extreme cases, bone spurs have grown along a person's entire skeletal structure: along the knees, hips, shoulders, ribs, arms and ankles. Such cases are only exhibited with multiple exostoses.

Osteophytes on the fingers or toes are known as Heberden's nodes (if on the distal interphalangeal joint) or Bouchard's nodes (if on the proximal interphalangeal joints).

Osteophytes may also be the end result of certain disease processes. Osteomyelitis, a bone infection, may leave the adjacent bone with a spur formation. Charcot foot, the neuropathic breakdown of the feet seen primarily in diabetics, can also leave bone spurs that may then become symptomatic.

Treatments

Normally, asymptomatic cases are not treated. Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs and surgery are two typical options for the rest.

Fossil record

Main article: Paleopathology

Evidence for bone spurs found in the fossil record is studied by paleopathologists, specialists in ancient disease and injury. Bone spurs have been reported in dinosaur fossils from several species, including Allosaurus fragilis, Neovenator salerii, and Tyrannosaurus rex.

External links

• Mayo Clinic website concise information on bone spurs

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 変形性関節症の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis
• 2. 成人における足の痛みの評価と一般的な原因の診断 evaluation and diagnosis of common causes of foot pain in adults
• 3. Overview of the clinical manifestations and classification of spondyloarthritis
• 4. 滑膜ひだ症候群（タナ障害） plica syndrome
• 5. 頚部痛および頚椎症の患者の評価 evaluation of the patient with neck pain and cervical spine disorders

English Journal

• Asymmetric bone remodeling in mandibular and maxillary tori.

• Kün-Darbois JD1,2, Guillaume B3,4, Chappard D3.
• Clinical oral investigations.Clin Oral Investig.2017 Dec;21(9):2781-2788. doi: 10.1007/s00784-017-2080-8. Epub 2017 Feb 23.
• PMID 28229236

• Subchondral mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritic knees display high osteogenic differentiation capacity through microRNA-29a regulation of HDAC4.

• Lian WS1,2, Wu RW3, Lee MS3, Chen YS1,2, Sun YC1,2, Wu SL1,2, Ke HJ1,2, Ko JY4,5, Wang FS6,7,8.
• Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany).J Mol Med (Berl).2017 Dec;95(12):1327-1340. doi: 10.1007/s00109-017-1583-8. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
• PMID 28884332

Japanese Journal

• 経験 小児鵞足部骨棘5例の検討

• 江口 佳孝,青野 勝成,國吉 裕子 [他]
• 整形・災害外科 56(9), 1199-1202, 2013-08
• NAID 40019776283

• 脊椎・脊髄外科の基本手技:頚椎変性疾患について

• 小柳 泉
• Japanese Journal of Neurosurgery 22(6), 435-442, 2013
•  頚椎変性疾患の外科治療は, 脳神経外科医が行う頻度の高い手術である. 本稿では, 頚椎前方椎間固定術と椎弓形成術の基本手技と合併症について, 自験例の分析とともに解説した. 前方固定術は, 1ないし2椎間のヘルニアや骨棘等の前方病変に対して最も適応がある. 前方アプローチで目印となる構造は, 胸鎖乳突筋, 肩甲舌骨筋, 総頚動脈, 食道, 頚長筋である. 骨棘はダイアモンドバーでのドリリング後に …
• NAID 130003379629

• 肩峰下骨棘及び大結節の変化と断裂腱板の組織学的変性との関連

• 橋本 卓,乾 浩明,信原 克哉,濱田 哲夫
• 肩関節 31(3), 593-596, 2007
• … The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of acromial spur formation (ASF), degenerative change on the greater tuberosity (GT), and severity of degenerative alteration of the tendon in rotator cuff tears. … ASF was divided into 3 types (type I: no spur, type II: spur formation, type III: acromio-clavicular osteoarthrosis). …
• NAID 130000104175

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「骨棘」
関連記事	「spur」「bone」

「骨棘」

　　[★]

英

bone spur, spur

同

骨増殖体 osteophyte, spicules

関

「spur」

　　[★]

• n.

• 拍車。[fig]刺激、激励、あおり、動悸
• 拍車状突起。(登山などの)アイゼン。(鶏などの)けづけ、距。(医)棘突起(osteophyte
• (地)山脚(山・山脈から分岐した支脈部)、海脚。(急流から土手を守るための)突堤。
• (建)けづめ(friffe)。控え柱、支柱。

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「bone」

　　[★] 骨