骨吸収

関: osteoclastic bone loss

WordNet

remove the bones from; "bone the turkey before roasting it" (同)debone
the porous calcified substance from which bones are made (同)osseous_tissue
consisting of or made up of bone; "a bony substance"; "the bony framework of the body"
a shade of white the color of bleached bones (同)ivory, pearl, off-white
rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates (同)os
having bones as specified; "his lanky long-boned body"
having had the bones removed; "a boneless rib roast"; "a boned (or deboned) fish" (同)deboned
the organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation (同)reabsorption
a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance (同)castanets, clappers, finger cymbals

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉骨 / 〈U〉骨を作っている物質,骨質 / 《複数形で》骨格;死骸(がい) / 〈魚など〉‘の'骨を取る
(魚など)骨を取り除いた / (衣服が)(コルセットなどで)骨で張りをつけた[ような]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/02 06:34:12」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Bone resorption is the process by which osteoclasts break down bone^[1] and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the blood.^[2]

The osteoclasts are multi-nucleated cells that contain numerous mitochondria and lysosomes. These are the cells responsible for the resorption of bone. Osteoclasts are generally present on the outer layer of bone, just beneath the periosteum. Attachment of the osteoclast to the osteon begins the process. The osteoclast then induces an infolding of its cell membrane and secretes collagenase and other enzymes important in the resorption process. High levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphate and products of collagen will be released into the extracellular fluid as the osteoclasts tunnel into the mineralized bone. Osteoclasts are also prominent in the tissue destruction commonly found in psoriatic arthritis and other rheumatology related disorders.

The human body is in a constant state of bone remodeling.^[3] Bone is resorbed by osteoclasts, and is deposited by osteoblasts in a process called ossification. Osteocyte activity also plays a key role in this process. Conditions that result in a decrease in bone mass, can either be caused by an increase in resorption, or a decrease in ossification.

During childhood, bone formation exceeds resorption, but as the aging process occurs, resorption exceeds formation.

Regulation[edit]

Bone resorption is highly stimulated or inhibited by signals from other parts of the body, depending on the demand for calcium.

Calcium-sensing membrane receptors in the parathyroid gland monitor calcium levels in the extracellular fluid. Low levels of calcium stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from chief cells of the parathyroid gland. In addition to its effects on kidney and intestine, PTH also increases the number and activity of osteoclasts. The increase in activity of already existing osteoclasts is the initial effect of PTH, and begins in minutes and increases over a few hours.^[3] Continued elevation of PTH levels increases the abundance of osteoclasts. This leads to a greater resorption of calcium and phosphate ions.^[3]

High levels of calcium in the blood, on the other hand, leads to decreased PTH release from the parathyroid gland, decreasing the number and activity of osteoclasts, resulting in less bone resorption. Vitamin D increases absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestinal track, leading to elevated levels of plasma calcium,^[3] and thus lower bone resorption.

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the active form of vitamin D₃.^[4] It has numerous functions involved in blood calcium levels. Recent research indicates that calcitriol leads to a reduction in osteoclast formation, and bone resorption.^[5]^[6] Although it follows that an increase in vitamin D₃ intake should lead to a decrease in bone resorption, it has been shown that oral administration of vitamin D does not linearly correlate to increased serum levels of calcifediol,^[7] the precursor to calcitriol.

Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid in humans. Calcitonin decreases osteoclast activity, and decreases the formation of new osteoclasts, resulting in decreased resorption.^[3] Calcitonin has a greater effect in young animals than in adults, and plays a smaller role in bone remodeling than PTH.^[3]

In some cases where bone resorption outpaces ossification, the bone is broken down much faster than it can be renewed. The bone becomes more porous and fragile, exposing people to the risk of fractures. Depending on where in the body bone resorption occurs, additional problems like tooth loss can also arise. This can be caused by conditions such as hypoparathyroidism and hypovitaminosis D or even decreased hormonal production in the elderly. Some diseases with symptoms of decreased bone density are osteoporosis, and rickets.

Some people who experience increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation are astronauts. Due to the condition of being in a zero-gravity environment, astronauts do not need to work their musculoskeletal system as hard as when on earth. Ossification decreases due to a lack of stress, while resorption increases, leading to a net decrease in bone density.^[8]

References[edit]

^ Bone Resorption at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Teitelbaum SL. (2000). "Bone resorption by osteoclasts.". Science 289: 1504–8. doi:10.1126/science.289.5484.1504. PMID 10968780.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition. ISBN 1416045740
^ Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium; Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, et al., editors. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. 3, Overview of Vitamin D. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56061/
^ Kikuta J, Kawamura S, Okiji F, Shirazaki M, Sakai S, Saito H, Ishii M. Sphingosine-1-phosphate-mediated osteoclast precursor monocyte migration is a critical point of control in antibone-resorptive action of active vitamin D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 23;110(17):7009-13. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1218799110. Epub 2013 Apr 8. PubMed PMID 23569273; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3637769.
^ Yamamoto Y, Yoshizawa T, Fukuda T, Shirode-Fukuda Y, Yu T, Sekine K, Sato T, Kawano H, Aihara K, Nakamichi Y, Watanabe T, Shindo M, Inoue K, Inoue E, Tsuji N, Hoshino M, Karsenty G, Metzger D, Chambon P, Kato S, Imai Y. Vitamin D receptor in osteoblasts is a negative regulator of bone mass control. Endocrinology. 2013 Mar;154(3):1008-20. doi: 10.1210/en.2012-1542. Epub 2013 Feb 6. PubMed PMID 23389957.
^ Stamp TC, Haddad JG, Twigg CA. Comparison of oral 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, vitamin D, and ultraviolet light as determinants of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Lancet. 1977 Jun 25;1(8026):1341-3. PubMed PMID 69059.
^ Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Sato Y. Interventions to prevent bone loss in astronauts during space flight. Keio J Med. 2005 Jun;54(2):55-9. Review. PubMed PMID 16077253.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨代謝の生理学および生化学的マーカー bone physiology and biochemical markers of bone turnover
2. 骨格の正常な発達および骨形成ならびに骨吸収の調節 normal skeletal development and regulation of bone formation and resorption
3. 高カルシウム血症の原因 etiology of hypercalcemia
4. ビスホスホネートの薬理学 pharmacology of bisphosphonates
5. 悪性腫瘍の高カルシウム血症 hypercalcemia of malignancy

English Journal

Mineralization defects in cementum and craniofacial bone from loss of bone sialoprotein.

Foster BL1, Ao M2, Willoughby C3, Soenjaya Y4, Holm E5, Lukashova L6, Tran AB7, Wimer HF8, Zerfas PM9, Nociti FH Jr10, Kantovitz KR11, Quan BD12, Sone ED13, Goldberg HA14, Somerman MJ15.
Bone.Bone.2015 Sep;78:150-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.007. Epub 2015 May 9.
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein found in mineralized tissues, including bone, cartilage, tooth root cementum (both acellular and cellular types), and dentin. In order to define the role BSP plays in the process of biomineralization of these tissues, we analy
PMID 25963390

The epigenetically active small chemical N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) prevents estrogen depletion induced osteoporosis.

Gjoksi B1, Ghayor C2, Siegenthaler B3, Ruangsawasdi N2, Zenobi-Wong M4, Weber FE5.
Bone.Bone.2015 Sep;78:114-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.004. Epub 2015 May 7.
Currently, there are several treatments for osteoporosis however; they all display some sort of limitation and/or side effects making the need for new treatments imperative. We have previously demonstrated that NMP is a bioactive drug which enhances bone regeneration in vivo and acts as an enhancer
PMID 25959414

Heparin affects human bone marrow stromal cell fate: Promoting osteogenic and reducing adipogenic differentiation and conversion.

Simann M1, Schneider V2, Le Blanc S2, Dotterweich J2, Zehe V2, Krug M2, Jakob F2, Schilling T2, Schütze N2.
Bone.Bone.2015 Sep;78:102-13. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.039. Epub 2015 May 7.
Heparins are broadly used for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis and embolism. Yet, osteoporosis is considered to be a severe side effect in up to one third of all patients on long-term treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying this clinical problem are only partially understood. To inve
PMID 25959412

Japanese Journal

歯科パノラマX線写真における非剛体画像変形と濃淡勾配解析を利用した歯槽頂線検出による歯槽骨吸収レベルの半自動評価法 (医用画像)

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 115(401), 327-330, 2016-01-19
NAID 40020738538

The optimal duration of PTH(1-34) infusion is one hour per day to increase bone mass in rats

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005122369

A comparative analysis of fetal to subadult femoral midshaft bone distribution of prehistoric Jomon hunter-gatherers and modern Japanese

Anthropological Science advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005121823

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「骨吸収」「osteoclastic bone loss」
拡張検索	「bone resorption inhibitor」
関連記事	「resorption」「bone」

「骨吸収」

Bone resorption
	Classification and external resources
	; Osteoclast, displaying many nuclei within its "foamy" cytoplasm, above a bone's surface
ICD-10	M80
ICD-9	733.99
eMedicine	ent/646
MeSH	D001862

　　[★]

英: bone resorption, resorption of the bone
同: 骨溶解 osteolysis

「osteoclastic bone loss」

　　[★]

破骨細胞性骨喪失

関: bone resorption

「bone resorption inhibitor」

　　[★]

骨吸収抑制薬、骨吸収抑制剤

「resorption」

　　[★]

n.

再吸収、吸収

関: absorb、absorption、reabsorb、reabsorption、resorb、sorption

「bone」

　　[★] 骨　　　　　　

[1] Bone Resorption at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

[Teitelbaum_SL.-2] Teitelbaum SL. (2000). "Bone resorption by osteoclasts.". Science 289: 1504–8. doi:10.1126/science.289.5484.1504. PMID 10968780.

[ReferenceA-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition. ISBN 1416045740

[4] Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium; Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, et al., editors. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. 3, Overview of Vitamin D. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56061/

[5] Kikuta J, Kawamura S, Okiji F, Shirazaki M, Sakai S, Saito H, Ishii M. Sphingosine-1-phosphate-mediated osteoclast precursor monocyte migration is a critical point of control in antibone-resorptive action of active vitamin D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 23;110(17):7009-13. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1218799110. Epub 2013 Apr 8. PubMed PMID 23569273; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3637769.

[6] Yamamoto Y, Yoshizawa T, Fukuda T, Shirode-Fukuda Y, Yu T, Sekine K, Sato T, Kawano H, Aihara K, Nakamichi Y, Watanabe T, Shindo M, Inoue K, Inoue E, Tsuji N, Hoshino M, Karsenty G, Metzger D, Chambon P, Kato S, Imai Y. Vitamin D receptor in osteoblasts is a negative regulator of bone mass control. Endocrinology. 2013 Mar;154(3):1008-20. doi: 10.1210/en.2012-1542. Epub 2013 Feb 6. PubMed PMID 23389957.

[7] Stamp TC, Haddad JG, Twigg CA. Comparison of oral 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, vitamin D, and ultraviolet light as determinants of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Lancet. 1977 Jun 25;1(8026):1341-3. PubMed PMID 69059.

[8] Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Sato Y. Interventions to prevent bone loss in astronauts during space flight. Keio J Med. 2005 Jun;54(2):55-9. Review. PubMed PMID 16077253.

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案内

bone resorption